Using Video Games In Developing AI - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2546 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/06 Category Entertainment Essay Level High school Tags: Video Games Essay Did you like this example? According to Henry Lowood, video games before the 1970s operated without a single program code or algorithm, but developed with a simple logic design and television technologies (5). The introduction of microprocessors and computer circuits in the early 1970s contributed enormously to the improvement of algorithms, computer software, artificial intelligence and video games. Moreover, early AI researchers at MIT and Stanford University not only assisted in developing programmed games but also grafted AI onto video games and foresaw the boundless capacity of these new technologies. Nowadays, many people from various fields, including IT, are developing cognitive technology and striving to implement AI to their business in diverse forms. Since I am majoring in technology management in the college, in the half of my classes, the professors and classmates all talk about new technologies, AI in particular. I have learned that there are many forms of AI in industries from simple process automation to relatively complicated cognitive engagement. More importantly, the benefit that the cognitive technology will bring has a huge impact on manufacturing, logistics, marketing and sales. It is now easy to see automated robots in factories or communicate with an AI agent that provides customer service which is available any time even in late night. Nevertheless, cognitive technology that solves complex problems in real-world is not common yet. I remember when one of the professors asked in the class about the first experience on AI, most of the classmates answered the customer services or smart home devices. However, the first time I experienced AI was when I played against the AI program in Starcraft, a military real-time strategy video game from Blizzard Entertainment, in the summer of 1999. I did not know the significance of AI at that time, but the intelligent machines eventually become an important technology worldwide. I realized that the AI boom began wit h video games in the 1970s from the early popular adventure game Zork to the recent AI Go player AlphaGo as well as many others. It is already proven that AI and video games helped develop each other for decades. Adapting AI to video games is much easier than to the real world. Therefore, games could be an appropriate method to help AI adapt to the real world and solve physical problems that share similar properties to video games. I first became interested in the relationship between AI and games when Google DeepMinds AlphaGo, an AI program that plays the board game Go, beat Sedol Lee, the 18-time world champion considered to be the best Go player in the last decade. It has become more common for AI players to win games against humans in chess, quiz shows, Othello, and video games. Unlike other simple board games, Go is played on a board that has a 1919 grid of lines containing 361 points, and two players compete to surround more territory than their opponent with white and blac k stones in turns. Since there is a great number of possibilities that can be played on the board, DeepMind initially declared that the strongest computer programmed Go players before AlphaGo were only able to compete with amateur players despite decades of efforts (AlphaGo). Traditional AI methods, including the successful computer chess machine, built a search tree over all possible actions. However, the old methods could not be successful in Go because it was difficult to determine the strength of possible board positions and moves (AlphaGo). Researchers at DeepMind integrated Advanced Tree Search with Deep Neural Networks in order to understand the aspect of the board positions. According to the article The story of AlphaGo so far, the neural networks contain millions of neuron-like connections to calculate all possible moves, the Policy Network selects the next move, and the Value Network predicts the winner of the game (AlphaGo). Furthermore, with large amounts of amate ur games data, AlphaGo understood what reasonable human play would look like, and developed itself through a process called Reinforcement Learning (AlphaGo). In March 2016, AlphaGo defeated Sedol Lee by 4-1 and became the first computer programmed player to win over a professional human Go player. DeepMind proposed that the goal of AlphaGo was not only to defeat professional human Go players, but also to implement AI in real-world situations. DeepMind believes that the approach of a cognitive programmed player will be applicable to real world structured problems sharing analogous features with a game like go (AlphaGo). It will be especially effective in problem-solving situations where the correct sequence is significant or planning tasks such as protein folding, reducing energy consumption, or searching for revolutionary new materials (AlphaGo). Likewise, the article Is chess the drosophila of artificial intelligence? A social history of an algorithm also has a similar viewpo int. Since the mid-1960s, computer scientists have referred to chess as the drosophila, or fruit fly, of AI because chess is a relatively familiar, accessible, and simple experimental technology that can be applied to create valid information about more complex technology (Ensmenger 5). Ensmenger showed that algorithms of chess acted as a bridge to new technologies for computer software and for computer games in particular, and he emphasized that it is important to develop tools and methodologies for learning new technology (5, 23). By helping researchers in computer science to enhance the capacity of AI, chess is a suitable example of how games help AI adapt to realities and solve real-world problems. While I was learning about AI in another course, I found a video on TEDx YouTube that strongly supports my thesis. It is called Artificial intelligence, video games, and the mysteries of the mind by DeepMind senior research scientist Raia Hadsell, who earned her Ph.D. in Computer S cience at New York University. Her main thesis was Artificial intelligence could be the powerful tool we need to solve some of the biggest problems facing our world (TEDx Talks). There are many resources about AI, but what made me use this video as a primary source of my paper was that she worked with video games to prove her hypothesis. From the book, From counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism, Turner appeals that people should understand and control over the computer program as a tool, and the program should instruct users for control (115). Activities with computer and video games had once treated as technologies of dehumanization and anti-society, and, in the other hands, counterculture had been formed. Individuals, who controlled over the technology and invented for pleasure, were considered as hackers. The hackers from AI labs contributed to invention of SpaceWar and recognized as countercultural pioneers (Turner 116). Is it just a coincidence that both Hadsell and hackers are (AI researchers) who wanted to expose the technology and improved the world. I believe Turner wanted to suggest that the hacker culture allows people to learn computer technology as they wish to learn something about the world at large. There are conservative views on new technology, particulary on AI, mostly for taking humans working place or not having an ability to make a judgment like human beings. I suppose, despite of the pessimistic view on AI, Hadsell shares the hacker ethics that she wanted to expose the capability of AI and control the technology to solve the structured problems. Moreover, according to her, games are useful to objectively evaluate the AI agent and to compare scores with other AI agents. More importantly, Hadsell emphasized that games are a microcosm of human culture, and diverse and ubiquitous (TEDx Talks). However, she did not explain enough about why video games are the most s uitable medium. I believe the article, Anytime, Anywhere: Tetsuwan Atomu Stickers and the Emergence of Character Merchandizing, can help explain why Hadsell choose video games as a medium of her experiments. Steinberg describes how media ubiquity with character stickers can be a communicative medium or technology of connection (128-129). He explains that characters that can be stuck anywhere and seen anytime have a capacity for interpersonal communication and persuasive force (Steinberg 128-129). Like Steinberg exemplified with the character sticker, video games are casually accessible, embedded in the environment, and connected to ubiquitous network structures. Therefore, the video games can be an effective medium of Hadsells presentation. To prove her hypothesis, her team tested 57 Atari games, and in most of them, the AI performed better than humans. She showed BreakOut and Pong as examples to prove how machines can quickly evolve with reinforcement learning (I believe Henr y Lowoods article could prove why she used Atari games to test her experiments). In the last part of the video, she defined three reasons why she wanted to research AI. The first reason is to gain intelligence through interactions with a complex world (TEDx Talks). With another video game, The Infamous Montezumas Revenge, she wanted to exemplify that AI can break down complicated problems to simpler problems in order to answer questions and learn from them. The second reason is that she was deeply curious about how we work, and AI may be exactly the platform we need to prove those mysteries (TEDx Talks). The way AI learns from a video game with reinforcement learning is similar to how humans learn. As Turner supposed, Hadsell wanted to study the technology to learn something about the world at large (135). The last reason is that AI may be the powerful tool that we need to solve our problems to cure disease, to ease inequality, and to save the warming planet (TEDx Talks). As she mentioned, video games could be perfect places for AI agents to practice real-world tasks. There is not yet a complete artificial intelligence, but she believes that it is possible we could see one develop in the next decade. Hadsells three reasons greatly match my thesis that video games help AI adapt to the real world and solve physical problems that share similar properties to video games. While Hadsell tested her experiment with relatively simple Atari games, Artur Filipowicz, an AI researcher at Princeton University, has been trying to build AI software for autonomous vehicles using Grand Theft Auto V. GTA V is an action-adventure video game published by Rockstar Games, and it allows players to freely roam in an artificial city based on Los Angeles. The problem Filipowicz attempts to solve is that autonomous vehicles AI should be able to recognize stop signs. Since the failure of AI could cause a human fatality, it must perform the tasks without a single mistake. Video ga mes that provides the virtual space could allow users and researchers to simulate situations that can be happened in the real-world or that is too dangerous to be happened or causing physical damages in reality. In addition, the cyber space of GTA V actually resembles the existing city. The virtual space that copies the real-world could act as an augmented reality, and provides more immersive experience to users. These reasons led Filipowicz to use GTA V to solve this real-world problem. I believe the book Hamlet on the Holodeck by Janet H. Murray also explains why GTA V is the perfect system for Filipowiczs research. According to Murray, games have a spatial capacity to represent navigable space (79-80). Because the cyber city of GTA V offers an artificial environment of Los Angeles, the game allows Filipowicz to develop and test his software without damaging anything in the real world. Furthermore, Murray also insists that video games have the encyclopedic capacity to simul ate real-world-like situations. She used the video game SimCity to show that the software calculates the effects of each change by using models very like the ones used by social scientists and policymakers to study urban systems (Murray 87-88). Filipowiczs software could not only navigate through virtual streets and roads but also react to stop signs as the software would drive on real roads. Unlike the Atari games, video games, designed with encyclopedic capacity, provides more broad range of possible simulations that players can interact with greater freedom. Before researching for my thesis, I considered GTA V as a violent game that the users mainly play to rob, assassin, kidnap and so on. I did not also think about using GTA V for a scientific experiment. Moreover, playing such a high quality games require me to buy an expensive graphic card. These games providing immersive experience with ultra HD resolution contributed greatly to the improvement of graphic cards. The gra phic processing unit turned out to be incredibly effective when the graphic processing unit is applied to the calculations needed for neural nets. The GPU expeditiously manipulate memory to create images in a frame buffer. Because GPU was originally and mostly developed to dispay graphics for computer gaming, it decrease the unit costs and offered scale economies as well. This improvement also favors engineers to exam and produce better algorithms as well as allows computers to absorb larger data in a shorter period of time. For example, GPU enables the cryptocurrency miners to solve tough calculations in order to mine more cryptocurrencies. Video games like GTA V devoted to the improvement of technology both directly and indirectly. Particularly, GTA V provides the cyber space for researchers to test the hypothesis, and demands the development of hardware. In the actual test with the video game, the software could only detect 95.5% of the stop signs within 20 meters, and the software designers need to increase the accuracy in order for the application to be implemented (Filipowicz 24). The way Filipowicz used GTA V to simulate real-world problems in virtual space supports my thesis. GTA V acted as a medium to help the AI software adapt to the reality and solve structured problems that features analogous property to the game. Nowadays, many people talk about AI, and big IT companies strive to develop and implement this technology. Nevertheless, it is still controversial whether AI is truly beneficial to humans or it is likely to be a risk. Cognitive technology can reduce time and cost for many product and services as well as have abilities to learn and compute to provide good advices to people. Despite of the advantages, there are cons about AI too. For instance, some people believe that AI can be programmed to do something devasting, lead to major job loss, or do not have an ability to make judgments like humans. Not only the people from tech field, but also entire world are debating the aftereffect of the intelligent system. Some people might think that AI is years away from influencing our lives, but AI is actually affecting our daily life and our decisions such as smart phone applications, social media feeds, smart home devices, online advertising network, and so many others. In fact, the first time I experienced a cognitive program was when I played a video game. However, I was only aware of AI in video games as NPCs that either entertain players or instruct beginner and intermediate players. I now know that video games can be a great place where people and AI can practice physical problems. It has been proven that artificial intelligence and video games help develop each other. In addition, with the examples of DeepMind, Hadsell, and Filipowicz, I believe that video games can be a suitable medium that assists AI to adapt to the reality and solve problems facing the real world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Using Video Games In Developing AI" essay for you Create order

Education Is A Better And Stronger Society - 1161 Words

Philosophy: I believe that each student is unique and special and comes to the table with different gifting and talents. As a teacher we are to tear down the walls that often divide the class and help each student see each other in a way that opens doors for communication. As teachers we are charged by God to not only teach his children but to love them the way Jesus loves us. This can be established by hammering away at the character qualities and establishing a good foundation that positive morals and values can be built upon. Education is one part of the bigger picture, which is a better and stronger society. It is important that my students are built for excellence in all they do. This is accomplished by engaging my students through the curriculum as well as getting to know them and work with them one-on-one. Meeting the needs of my students is the most crucial roll I play in the classroom. 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Clenched Fist Essay Research Paper John GottiClenched free essay sample

Clenched Fist Essay, Research Paper John Gotti Clenched Fist It was early eventide on December 16, 1985. The pavements were jammed with people who had merely flooded out of the many office edifices around East 46th Street between Second and Third Avenue. Some rushed place from work, eager to acquire out of the wintry somberness ; others were lured by the strings of brilliantly colored visible radiations into the shops for some Christmas shopping. There in the thick of the mid-town hustle on 46th was an elegant chophouse called Sparks whose patronages were business communities and diplomats from the United Nations buildings a few blocks off. In the locality of the eating house, several work forces dressed likewise in fur Cossack chapeaus and trench coats loitered on both sides of the street. Several other work forces besides positioned themselves around the eating house carefully, so they would non be noticed in the multitudes of rush-hour walkers. We will write a custom essay sample on Clenched Fist Essay Research Paper John GottiClenched or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Paul Castellano ( Associated Press ) Soon a large Lincoln with two work forces inside pulled up in forepart of the eating house. The driver shut off the engine and hurried around the side of the auto to open the door for the older adult male, but the older adult male was in excessively much of a haste and opened the door himself. The older adult male, after all, was Paul Castellano, the Boss of the celebrated Gambino household. His driver was his freshly appointed under foreman and favourite, Tommy Bilotti. The two Cosa Nos tra executives were a spot late for an of import dinner meeting with some of the other under foremans and Tommy Gambino, the affluent boy of the late Carlo Gambino and nephew of Carlo’s replacement, Paul Castellano. Inside the eating house three of the invitees were already waiting for Castellano and Bilotti. Once the two work forces in the Lincoln had cleared the auto, the shot began. Two of the work forces in pelt chapeaus and waterproofs rushed at Castellano with six-guns in their custodies. Castellano instantly took several slugs in the caput and one in the thorax. Blood oozed out of him and he slumped to the land. Bilotti got four slugs in the caput and another four in the thorax. He excessively slumped to the land, already dead. One of the taws came around to the fallen Castellano and exploded a slug at close scope in the Boss # 8217 ; s skull. Terrified walkers scattered every which manner, while the taws escaped along their pre-arranged paths. In minutes, another Lincoln transporting two work forces passed by Sparks to study the consequences of the carefully executed program. John Gotti and his co-worker Sammy the Bull Gravano and the conspirative group of 10 work forces called the Fist had pulled off the first major organized crime blackwash since Albert Anastasia had been hit in 1957. In the following few yearss all New Yorkers and much of the remainder of the universe would cognize the name John Gotti as he skyrocketed to fame as the make bolding new caput of the Gambino offense household.

Valuable free essay sample

According to my opinion, we value family because family will love us unconditionally, and they will be there for us. Of course, there are other people who love us, such as a girlfriend/boyfriend, but they are not Like family because the family will stay with us forever. Also, families teach us so many valuable things, such as respect, truth and success. At first, my parents taught me to tell the truth in any case. They always tell me to speak the truth because it is the first step that will take me to success.If I tell a lie, I will have to tell that lie in every walk of my life, so it would be good for me to speak the truth from the beginning. They also tell me to be honest with everyone and everything. I may feel difficulties in the present, but this is the road to success in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Valuable or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another value that they taught me is to respect my elders and to love those who are younger. By respecting the elders, I will get prayers from them and by giving love to those who are younger; I will feel an internal peace. My parents have taught me that I have to see others as equals.No one is better than the other because every person is equal to the other person, and no one is better than anyone else. Every one is an individual, which makes us all different. Also, being different does not make you better or worse than the other person because it does not matter if you are rich or poor, black or white, fat or thin. I believe everyone Is equal In Gods eyes. I still remember when my father punished me because when I was 12 years old, I said to someone who was working as a cashier In a supermarket you are nothing; I am better than you.At that moment, my father looked at me and his face changed to red. Also, he yelled at me and told me I had to say sorry to him and kiss his head to show him respect; I did that. After that Incident, I learned a lesson, which Is we are all equal, no matter who I am or who you are. In conclusion, I do not know what kind of person I would be without my wonderful parents, and I cannot Imagine my elite without them because they taught me so much about living life and loving everyone. Valuable By Moe_Alleles Moe, Alleles eve us, such as a girlfriend/boyfriend, but they are not like family because the family will stay with us forever. Also, families teach us so many valuable things, such as is equal in Gods eyes. I still remember when my father punished me because when I was 12 years old, I said to someone who was working as a cashier in a supermarket and kiss his head to show him respect; I did that. After that incident, I learned a lesson, which is we are all equal, no matter who I am or who you are.