The Influence of Arabic and Mughal Rulers on The Architecture in South Asia. Essay Example

The Influence of Arabic and Mughal Rulers on The Architecture in South Asia. Exposition The human life and its style of working will undoubtedly be set apart by the design of the period, and in such manner, engineering is that one of a kind time-stamp, which one can't stow away, regardless of whether one needs to misshape or alter it; rather one winds up giving its exercises as the intermittent proof. This is the thing that one would discover on account of the South Asian engineering, where there is a particular presence of a progression of design of the more established occasions, going from early Vedic period to the twelfth century A.D. despite the fact that the vast majority of them bearing the stamp of intermittent doctoring by the Arabic and Mughal rulers.Such was done, naturally, to use the effectively accessible assets by changing them as per their need. This demonstration of theirs in a large portion of the spots even overlooked, or needed to disregard the standards of Saracenic engineering, the style they were prepped at. Therefore, the majority of the South As ia, prevailed by a chain of Hindu design bearing the heritage of their specialty, culture, history and the subtleties of their way of thinking has seriously been altered and renamed, which at places, can even befool its observer.Accordingly, the recorded history has likewise been turned while obliging the doctored work absent a lot of investigation. Be that as it may, at that point, human progress with its headway would continue unwinding the realities from the dumbfounding models, and the equivalent has now been going on in the field of South Asian design, where the cutting edge methods for cell based dating or the use of intermittent chronicled information are as a rule efficiently utilized by the scientists worldwide to spread out the shrouded accounts of life and time of this area. Additional staggering are simply the realities that the design here is coming out with stunning truth about how they were doctored by the Arabic rulers and constraining the mind of the district to man age changes in the history. This article gets four such guides to advance the way that except if raised to the ground, a sorted out and all around established building style can't be changed into another style to the degree of damaging the history forever.Origin of Architecture in South AsiaThis locale had been a conservative and complete case of the Vedic culture, going back to the most punctual conceivable time of human progress, since when the way of life itself sustained and thrived, while its engineering had likewise been chronicling that excursion of development, which Arabic rulers attempted to abrogate right off the bat with irregular intrusion, and later when they could set up their balance here. The engineering of this district, in any case, has additionally chronicled that, again restoring the way that a societys observation about existence and living will undoubtedly reflect in its application and the as a matter of first importance substantial example of that applicatio n must be its design, since it is likewise a consistent creating process which obliges or encourages the view of the general public, yet in addition its development. That is the reason, the instances of the first society and its life and time can even now be found in arrangement of across the board conventional and terrific designs here, adjusting a similar style and structural standard, which have a place with the Hindu culture.The Four Constructions Influenced by Arabic RulersThe four developments that are picked for the conversation are all from the northern locale of India and around Delhi, the current capital of the nation, which likewise has the record of filling in as the capital of different rulers extending from Vedic period to the British, not to mention the short and moderate spells of the Arabic and Mughal rulers. As per the recorded proof, the Tomar lord Anangapal manufactured the first town at the Dillika town in 737 AD, called it Lal Kot and established his realm. In the twelfth century, the realm died from the Tomars to the Chauhan Rajputs. The last Chauhan ruler, Prithviraj III fabricated the second town Kila Rai Pithora encased by a divider close to the Qutab Minar. This exposition inside its impediment attempts to dig into the every accessible adaptation of the birthplace of the four developments of this locale, viz., Qwwat al-Islam, Qutab Minar, Fatehpur Sikri and Taj Mahal, before arriving at its conclusion.The Qwwat al-Islam MosqueAccording to the perceived definition, the Quwwat-ul-Islam (which means may of Islam), was built adhering to the foundation of Muslim standard from Delhi, which as indicated by the affirmed information was started by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak in 1193 and finished 4 years after the fact on the site of Rai Pithora’s Hindu sanctuary. The endorsed archive expresses that twenty-seven Hindu and Jain sanctuaries were leveled to give enough stone work to the new structure. Thus, the Hindu impact has pervaded into the ent ire complex. Themes, for example, decorated ropes, ringers, ringlets, bovines and leaves would all be able to be followed on the stone work in luxuriously cut detail. The mosque was developed a century later by Sultan Alauddin Khalji, in spite of the fact that the expansion was never completed.From a few scientists perspective, in any case, this mosque is a doctored introduction over a prior structure with components gathered from intrusion. As, the Iron Pillar (23ft high, arranged in the yard of the Quwwat-ul-Islam) of the mosque is gone back to the Gupta time frame with Sanskrit engravings from the fourth or fifth century. This column was as far as anyone knows taken from a Vishnu sanctuary and put at this site before the development of the complex. The idea of the materials and style (sandstone, Hindu design themes), and so on likewise recommend about the same.The Qutab MinarRegarded as the most elevated stone pinnacle in India, this development is 239 ft. high, has a distance ac ross of 14.32 meters at the base and about 2.75 meters at the top. The initial three stories are made of red sandstone and are vigorously indented with various styles of fluting, then again round and precise on the base floor, round on the second and rakish on the third. The fourth and fifth floors are made of marble and sandstone. The entryway on its northern side leads inside the pinnacle to a winding flight of stairs with 379 stages that breeze its way up to the overhang in each floor and finishing in a stage at the top. The unpredictable galleries held together by stalactite vaulting procedure and designed with honeycombing.The minar has endure a progression of helping jolts and quakes through hundreds of years and therefore was exposed to revival acts by various rulers running from Mughal to British, which have additionally made some topical deviation it. As when Major R. Smith of the Royal Engineers reestablished the Qutab Minar in 1829, he supplanted the vault with a Bengal s tyle chhattri, which was again evacuated in 1848, by the Viceroy Lord Hardinge, on the grounds that that was considered as rebel to the structural style of the remainder of the minar. Presently it stands to one side of the passage way and is known as Smiths folly.In any case, Qutab Minar (hub minaret) is perceived as an Indo-Islamic building miracle of antiquated India. The history specialists authorize Sultan Qutub-Din Aibak of Slave line as its organizer in the year 1199 A.D, when he finished the principal story, while the remainder of the five stories were finished by his child in - law, Illtutmish in 1230. All said and done, the ebb and flow band of analysts are of the conclusion that the boards in the upper part containing serpentine examples, discuss Hindu ancestry, since it has an unmistakable name, in Hindu design as Makara Torana, which means, exuding from the mouth of a crocodile and this is a typical consecrated Hindu theme in notable structures. They additionally have ar chived the opposite sides of the stones that tumbled from the outside of the Minar, which contain Hindu images.Fatehpur SikriThe regal city at Fatehpur Sikri, arranged 26 miles west of Agra, expressed to be worked between 1571 to 1585, by the request for the ruler Akbar. This group of structures talks about an arranged city. Building materials utilized here are sandstone, red stone, marble, wood, and iron, and it wears a look of compound style of Hindu (the posts) and Arabic design (rooftops and domes).According to G.E. Kidder Smith, The unimportant actuality of Fatehpurs moment fulfillment is, obviously, immense however increasingly amazing to us today are the quality, scale, and assorted variety of its structures and the spaces they characterize. Its parts are superior to the entire: it needs, for example, a situating spine. It is new and creative engineering, with its huge swath of building types speaks to - like most Moghul constructing a combination of Indian and Islamic societ ies. The basic structure is by and large of Hindu post-and-shafts, much of the time roofed with Muslim vaults and arches. Everything is completed here with durable and thoughtful scale: note the local air. (82)Fatehpur Sikri mixed both Islamic and Hindu components in their building style. One of the structures even mirrors the new syncretistic confidence (Din-e-ilahi) established by Akbar. As per the well known legend, Akbar had manufactured this to stamp the introduction of his child Jangir thus the development of the new stately capital, with its intricate castles, formal patios, reflecting pools, arrays of mistresses, burial places and an extraordinary mosque, initiated in 1571. An enormous number of artisans and stone carvers buckled down on a territory that was more than two miles in length and a mile wide; they utilized splendid red sandstone accessible locally, which gives the structures quite a bit of their shine. Not long after the work was finished fifteen years after the fact, it was understood that there was an absence of a sufficient water flexibly and the flawless complex was abandoned.Fatehpur Sikri is currently a World Heritage site. The Panch Mahal, or Palace of Five Stories, and the Buland Darwaza, a monstrous entryway, which gives access to the perplexing that is evaluated even by the scientists as a best example of Mughal design, to the degree of being its best achievement. Strikingly, they dont bring Taj Mahal into thought in

Dulzura Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dulzura - Essay Example Also, the free section permits the persona to talk in incoherent contemplations due to the disarrays and questions that describe her sweetheart who can't even to articulate her name effectively. This is exhibited by the last verse where the persona regrets â€Å"Say my name. Let's assume it/The way it’s expected to be said (Cisneros 1).† Epic structure, then again, is eminent in every one of the three refrains particularly the particular messages they convey to the peruser. In verse one, the persona is arguing for affection in Spanish; refrain two she needs her darling to feel her sympathy while refrain three is an assertion of the adoration. Be that as it may, Cisneros is additionally touchy to the utilization of similar sounding word usage to set up a musical impact as noted in the last refrain in the utilization of the words ‘know’ and ‘knew.’ These words are intended to outline battles the persona is experiencing while reviewing a past rela tionship. Outstandingly, the writer similarly utilizes clear stanza as a methods for resisting guidelines of composing verse and, consequently, imparting her message of devastation over broken love. Clear section, for instance, is exemplified in the principal refrain in the utilization of little letters in the last lines of that verse dissimilar to different lines. Cisneros takes note of that â€Å"lullabied, mi bien/querido, that loved† to show the vanity of sticking on to a specific relationship currently gone. Symbolism, notwithstanding, is a confirmation of the requirement for the writer to delineate his message utilizing extravagant and brilliant words that depict the agony of the persona. Contrastingly, this is just conceivable using reiteration to create musical impact as noted in the use of ‘I want’ to uncover the sentiments of the persona in the sonnet (Cisneros 1). Correspondingly, reiteration includes more accentuation since it reliably tells a specific edge of a ccount inside the sonnet and, consequently, permits the peruser to define fluctuating mental pictures

What Does a University Essay Outline do?

What Does a University Essay Outline do?Having a University Essay outline is important when writing your very own first ever essay. It gives you the clear outline you will need to know exactly what is needed to create your own masterpiece. It will give you a structure that you can then use to make sure you get your essay right the first time.The University Essay outline will help you determine what is needed to be included in your work. You will have the proper ideas and examples to work with and know exactly what should be in it. There is also a section on how to go about writing your piece. This includes tips and advice on everything from research to spellings.While an outline can give you a good idea of what to expect from your research, it can not completely replace the idea behind the writing process. After all, a finished piece will not have the structure of an outline. What makes an outline so important is the information you will get along the way to get your piece right.Ever yone has their own unique style when it comes to writing essays. The outline helps you decide which parts are needed to be in your essay, so that you know where to focus your writing. You can write on your own, or you can ask a friend to help you; there is no right or wrong way to go about this.The University Essay outline can also provide insight into other areas of your work as well. By going through your outline, you will be able to see if there are any areas you could do a better job with. This allows you to take your work and make it better, which is always a good thing.Knowing what you need to include can also give you a good idea of what style you should use. You will have a good idea of what kind of tone you should set for your writing. After all, it is your own piece, and you want it to come out as good as possible.Essays should be able to stand on their own without much outside assistance. Your guide to what should not be included will help you make sure that your masterpi ece comes out as good as it possibly can. This is especially true if you are writing for a class assignment, or are putting together a college paper.A University Essay outline will also give you a good idea of how much research you should do. It can be easy to go over your outline and forget certain details, so making sure you do enough research before starting your project will ensure that you do not come across as forgetting anything. Researching can be a difficult task for most people, but it can be done, as long as you have the proper resources to use.

An Overview of the Edge City Theory

Theyre called suburban business districts, major diversified centers, suburban cores, minicities, suburban activity centers, cities of realms, galactic cities, urban subcenters, pepperoni-pizza cities, superburbia, technoburbs, nucleations, disurbs, service cities, perimeter cities, peripheral centers, urban villages, and suburban downtowns but the name thats now most commonly used for places that the foregoing terms describe is edge cities. The term edge cities was coined by Washington Post journalist and author Joel Garreau in his 1991 book Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. Garreau equates the growing edge cities at major suburban freeway interchanges around America as the latest transformation of how we live and work. These new suburban cities have sprung up like dandelions across the fruited plain, theyre home to glistening office towers, huge retail complexes, and are always located close to major highways. There were a hundred thousand shapes and substances of incompleteness, wildly mingled out of their places, upside down, burrowing in the earth, aspiring in the earth, moldering in the water, and unintelligible as in any dream. - Charles Dickens on London in 1848; Garreau calls this quote the best one-sentence description of Edge City extant. Characteristics of the Typical Edge City The archetypal edge city is Tysons Corner, Virginia, outside Washington, D.C. Its located near the junctions of Interstate 495 (the D.C. beltway), Interstate 66, and Virginia 267 (the route from D.C. to Dulles International Airport). Tysons Corner wasnt much more than a village a few decades ago but today its home to the largest retail area on the east coast south of New York City (that includes Tysons Corner Center, home to six anchor department stores and over 230 stores in all), over 3,400 hotel rooms, over 100,000 jobs, over 25 million square feet of office space. Yet Tysons Corner is a city without a local civic government; much of it lies in unincorporated Fairfax County. Garreau established five rules for a place to be considered an edge city: The area must have more than five million square feet of office space (about the space of a good-sized downtown)The place must include over 600,000 square feet of retail space (the size of a large regional shopping mall)The population must rise every morning and drop every afternoon (i.e., there are more jobs than homes)The place is known as a single end destination (the place has it all; entertainment, shopping, recreation, etc.)The area must not have been anything like a city 30 years ago (cow pastures would have been nice) Garreau identified 123 places in a chapter of his book called The List as being true edge cities and 83 up-and-coming or planned edge cities around the country. The List included two dozen edge cities or those in progress in greater Los Angeles alone, 23 in metro Washington, D.C., and 21 in greater New York City. Garreau speaks to the history of the edge city: Edge Cities represent the third wave of our lives pushing into new frontiers in this half century. First, we moved our homes out past the traditional idea of what constituted a city. This was the suburbanization of America, especially after World War II. Then we wearied of returning downtown for the necessities of life, so we moved our marketplaces out to where we lived. This was the malling of America, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, we have moved our means of creating wealth, the essence of urbanism - our jobs - out to where most of us have lived and shopped for two generations. That has led to the rise of Edge City. (p. 4)

The, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness - 1679 Words

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The prejudices born during the time of slavery, left deep scars in the social landscape of the United S tates, and though slavery was abolished after the civil war, African americans were still treated as a lower caste, less than human. Over the years, laws guaranteeing and withholding rights have come and gone, but the societal construct of racism endured in the american psyche. After the civil war, hopes for reform were high, the north essentially had carte blanche to reshape the decimated south as it saw fit. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments were ratified abolishingShow MoreRelatedThe Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Declaration of Independence declares that human beings have certain unalienable rights, â€Å"that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Through slavery, these rights were systematically denied to a select class of people. 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Personal Narrative My Life Purpose Essay - 1053 Words

My Life Purpose As far as I know, a few people in this world are born to do great things. I am here trying to find myself. I m here at college to figure it out, whether I want to go into environmental science, chemistry, criminal justice, or something completely different. I m eager to try out new things and meet new people, and hopefully find something that I am exceptional at. Music is my life purpose. Music is a huge part of my life. I love to sing. I started choir when i was in 6th grade. Having to write this paper is making me really miss my choir family. We have our ups and downs, but what family doesn’t? My freshmen year of high school, I was in the show choir group called Chambers, it is basically the beginning choir. But my goal was to make it into Crescendoz (which is the advance choir). My sophomore year I got into Prelude (which is the intermediate choir). My junior year of high school, I audition for Crescendoz and I made it in. I was so ecstatic. 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Contemporary Public Health Issues Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Public Health Issues. Answer: Introduction The mortality rate is the frequency of death occurrences in a given place at a particular point in time. Mortality rates keep ranging depending on various factors such as the social, economic and environmental factors. Infant mortality is the most common and it cuts across different ethnic groups.in relation to that, this essay elaborates how social and environmental determinants of health leads to the dynamic interplay in mortality rates in Australia. The social determinants are the people's lifestyle that may lead to various mortality rates depending on how severe they are. The environmental factors are the biotic or abiotic factors that may affect the lives of individuals living in that particular area leading to either increase or decrease in mortality rates (Naujokas, et. al. 2013, p. 55). The social determinants of health on the ranging mortality rates include race or ethnicity, infectious diseases, biological factors, income, globalization, social injustice, behavioral factors and psychosocial factors. On the other hand, the environmental factors include the environmental health factors like the exposure of the occupants to toxic substances, cigarette consumption, air pollution and water pollution. These factors, therefore, influence the mortality rates either positively or negatively.it is therefore imperative to study how they influence mortality rates so that necessary actions can be taken to reduce the high rates of mortality (Bauer, Briss, Goodman, and Bowman, 2014, p. 48). Environmental determinants of health on the ranging patterns of mortality Exposure of occupants to toxic substances When the occupants of Australia are exposed to toxic substances that are obviously not good for their health they will contact various diseases that may damage their respiratory systems. Continuous exposure may lead to severe damages leading to chronic diseases such as lung cancer which is very costly to cure and at times may be very tricky to cure in its last stages which are so severe hence leading to increased mortality rates.in that relation the environment should be kept clean the government should ensure certain bodies or organizations exist to ensure environmental conservation. Consumption of addictive drugs such as cigarette The cigarette is a very addictive drug and most people tend to abuse it by consuming too much and yet it is not good to human health. Research shows that too much of its consumption leads to implications such as lung diseases and damages the air sacs in the breathing system hence may cause difficulty in breathing with time (Vineis, and Wild, 2014, p. 559). Its effect is not only to the user but also to the people around the user which is even more severe. This, therefore, shows that too much consumption of it leads to high mortality rates and so the government should employ effective ways of reducing its consumption such as increasing its price by increasing its tax. Air and water pollution Air and water pollution leads to infectious diseases related to respiratory diseases, food hygiene, drinking water and general sanitation. These diseases will definitely lead to increased mortality rates. The public health practitioners should be well acquainted with such health risks and so ensures appropriate measures to control such so as to ensure reduced mortality rates. Air pollutants such as dust, fumes, and smoke can be controlled. The manufacturing industries that emit the toxic fumes should ensure treatment of such gases before releasing them to the air or their waste products before emitting them to rivers so that they do not have adverse effects on the people leaving around such areas (Triassi, Alfano, Illario, Nardone, Caporale, and Montuori, 2015, p. 1210). Social determinants of health on the ranging patterns of mortality Globalization Globalization has emerged profusely in the current days.it has led to both positive and negative effects in different countries. It is very evident that it has helped in the development of various countries Australia included through activities such as trade, tourism, and exchange of information (Knox, Marston, and Imort, 2016, p. 14). Nevertheless, it has led to other negative impacts such as increased health risks such as the spread of communicable diseases and sneaking of illegal drugs into the country such as cocaine. Globalization thus leads to increased mortality rates. Infectious diseases Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS have led to an increased rate of mortality rates. The public health sector has ensured necessary precautions and cure so as to reduce the mortality rate. Even though the infectious diseases emerge and re-emerge from time to time various actions have been taken by various countries to reduce their spread for example screening of yellow fever and other infectious diseases at various borders before gaining access to the country (Torre, et. al. 2015, p. 96). The government of Australia in conjunction with the public health practitioners should work together to enhance and facilitate such action so as to reduce mortality rates in Australia. Income level Latest research portrays that high levels of income lead to high mortality rates whereas the previous research shows that high-income levels led to low mortality rates. High income level leads to high mortality rates in the current world since with a lot of income people engage in various luxurious activities that are not health friendly since that is what they take for being classy such as drinking expensive alcoholic drinks and abusing hard drugs (Chetty, et. al. 2016, p. 1777). On the other hand, previously high-income levels led to low mortality rates since people many can afford healthy lifestyle and even medical bills in case of illness hence the reduced mortality rates. Biological factors The biological factors include the sex differences, cardiovascular risk, and indicators of inflammation.it is scientifically proven that women live longer than men and that is why a man and a woman who both contact HIV/AIDS at the same time, the woman will live longer than the man which is mostly facilitated by the menstruation cycle of a woman. Happiness is also one of the biological factors that affect the mortality rate since it leads to a long lifespan (Shi, and Hu, 2014, p. 37). Education Education plays a major role in enlightening people about the emerging issues in the world. For that reason those who are educated and rich are less likely to suffer from diseases, be physically impaired and to they have low mortality rate (Aiken, et.al. 2014, p. 1826). On the other hand, those who are poor and lack education are likely to have high mortality rate since they are not so enlightened about what is going on, for example, the breakout of certain diseases and the appropriate precautions hence they end up contacting those diseases and die so fast due to lack of funds and awareness. Social injustice The mortality rate is influenced by the paces that people are born, live, grow, work and age hence the variation. Research shows that social injustice has led to the short-lived lives of individuals as opposed to the good health that they are supposed to enjoy according to biology. Health systems should work towards embracing equity since social injustice is leading to high mortality rates (Levy, and Sidel, 2013, p. 22). Unfair and unjust practices cause ill health and so the Australian government should work towards ensuring social justice in the country so as to reduce the mortality rate in the country. This must also be assisted by the people through their cooperation. Different parts of the country will experience different mortality rates depending on social injustice practices. Conclusion Mortality rates vary day to day depending on various factors that influence it either positively or negatively. These variations can, therefore, be tackled in different ways. This essay has elaborated how the social and environmental factors have affected mortality rates in Australia. Other factors such as economic and psychological factors also affect mortality rates. It is, therefore, significant to evaluate and establish various policies in the health sector that can help in the reduction of mortality rates and in keeping up with its fluctuating nature. The health practitioners together with the government can after evaluation of these factors influencing mortality rates to come up with solutions to curb them. A number of non-governmental organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) has helped in conducting various researchers and in the implementation of some of the policies so as to reduce the mortality rates in the country(World Health Organization and World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse Unit, 2014, p. 13). They should also ensure various measures of indicators to be applied in the health sector such life expectancy whereby the government collects information about peoples age at the time of death so as to know the mortality rate and what majorly causes it at a given age that may be so recurring. This will also help it to acknowledge the life expectancy of people in Australia hence can be used to determine the health of people in Australia. Other indicators to be applied in the health sector are mortality indicators, global health, morbidity indicators, disability indicators, social and mental health indicators and nutritional indicators (World Health Organization, 2016. World Health Statistics:. 2016, p. 11). These indicators are very imperative and help the country in analyzing and reducing its mortality rate. Social and environmental factors that influence mortality rates are factors that can be controlled since most of them are just caused by the human being and so appropriate measu res should be taken to reduce them. Bibliography Aiken, L.H., Sloane, D.M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Griffiths, P., Busse, R., Diomidous, M., Kinnunen, J., Kzka, M., Lesaffre, E. and McHugh, M.D.. 2014, 'Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study', vol 383, no. 9931, pp. 1824-1830. Bauer, U.E., Briss, P.A., Goodman, R.A. and Bowman, B.A. 2014, 'Prevention of chronic disease in the 21st century: elimination of the leading preventable causes of premature death and disability in the USA', vol 38, no. 9937, pp. 45-52. Chetty, R., Stepner, M., Abraham, S., Lin, S., Scuderi, B., Turner, N., Bergeron, A. and Cutler, D., 2016, 'The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014. Jama.', vol 315, no. 16, pp. 1750-1766. Knox, P.L., Marston, S.A. and Imort, M.,. 2016, Human geography: Places and regions in global context., Pearson. Levy, B.S. and Sidel, V.W. eds.. 2013, Social injustice and public health., Oxford University Press. Naujokas, M.F., Anderson, B., Ahsan, H., Aposhian, H.V., Graziano, J.H., Thompson, C. and Suk, W.A., 2013, 'The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure: update on a worldwide public health problem.,', Environmental health perspectives, p. 121. Shi, Y. and Hu, F.B., 2014, 'The global implications of diabetes and cancer. ', vol 383, no. 9933, p. 1947. Torre, L.A., Bray, F., Siegel, R.L., Ferlay, J., Lortet?Tieulent, J. and Jemal, A.. 2015, 'Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA:,', a cancer journal for clinicians, vol 65, no. 2, pp. 87-108. Triassi, M., Alfano, R., Illario, M., Nardone, A., Caporale, O. and Montuori, P.,. 2015, ' Environmental pollution from illegal waste disposal and health effects: A review on the Triangle of Death.', International journal of environmental research and public health, vol 12, no. 2, pp. 1216-1236. Vineis, P. and Wild, C.P.,. 2014, 'Global cancer patterns: causes and prevention.', vol 383, no. 916, pp. 549-557. World Health Organization and World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse Unit, 2014, Global status report on alcohol and health, , World Health Organization. World Health Organization, 2016. World Health Statistics :. 2016, Monitoring Health for the SDGs Sustainable Development Goals, World Health Organization.

Leading with Soul Response

The foremost characteristic of post-industrial living is the fact that; whereas, the exponential progress in the fields of informational technology and genetics had left very little room for monotheistic religion in the minds of most Westerners – due to being affected by intellectual and very often biological degradation, many of these people nevertheless continue to assess life’s emanations through the lenses of irrational religiosity.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leading with Soul Response specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it was pointed out by Carrette and King (2004): â€Å"There is widespread disillusionment within contemporary Western societies and a growing sense of disempowerment with regard to the operations of the major institutions that govern our lives† (p. 11). This is exactly what explains the phenomenon of a so-called ‘New Age’ movement, the propone nts of which are known for their tendency to indulge in sophistically sounding but essentially meaningless rhetoric about the importance of soul-nurturing, spirituality-enhancing and tree-hugging, in time free from organic-coffee-drinking. The 2001 book Leading with soul: An uncommon journey of spirit by Bolman and Deal represents a classical example of ‘new-ageist’ thinking at its worst. In it, authors aimed at promoting a nonsensical idea that the effective leader can only be the ‘loving’ one.  According to them, the functioning of modern governmental, commercial and educational organizations cannot be considered truly effective, because: â€Å"Love is largely absent in the modern corporation. Most managers would never use the word†¦ They shy away from love’s deeper meanings, fearing both its power and its risks† (p. 109). Nevertheless, having dedicated my life to educating others, I am being perfectly aware of a simple fact that chil dren’s exposure to unwavering ‘love’, on the part of teachers or parents, often proves utterly counter-productive. One does not have to be overly smart to realize why – teachers overfilled with love towards the subject of an educational process, will be naturally predisposed towards treating him or her with leniency. This is exactly why, contrary to rationale-based expectations, immigrant-parents rarely help their children to become bilingual, in full sense of this word. The reason for this is simple – as it was pointed out by Brown and Hanlon (1970), while indulging in social interactions with their young ones, such parents tend to pay foremost attention to what they children say, as opposed to be concerned with how they say it. As the result, such children’s linguistic ability to utilize proper grammatical and stylistic forms suffers a great deal of harm – all thanks to their parents’ ‘love’.Advertising Looki ng for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, I could not disagree more with Bolman and Deal when they suggest that truly effective leaders (educators) must be ‘spiritually-aware’ type of individuals: â€Å"A return to spirituality will lead us to seek wisdom. In matters of spirit, wisdom and experience count far more than technique or strategy† (p. 175). The sheer fallaciousness of such a suggestion appears especially self-evident for just about any teacher who understands that the concepts of ‘spirituality’ and ‘education’ are utterly incompatible. After all, the much-cherished ‘spirituality’ is best defined as nothing but simply one’s tendency to personify nature, which in turn, serves as the foremost indication of his or her intellectual primitiveness. Why is it that the bears that injure their underbellies against stinking out tree -branch, while crawling over the log, often end up hitting that branch with their both paws, as it was alive? Because, just as it being the case with today’s new-agers, such as Bolman and Deal, bears think that the nature is indeed ‘alive’. This is the reason why the extent of people’s intellectual primitiveness correlates with their tendency to ‘blend’ with the nature and to endow nature with ‘spiritual aliveness’ in geometrical progression – the more intellectually primitive a particular individual happened to be, the more he or she will be likely to profess the values of ‘spirituality’. And, as we are being well aware of, the very reason why we have schools, colleges and universities, in the first place, is to provide children and adolescents with an opportunity to educate themselves, so that they would be more capable to effectively oppose nature/social environment, as the foremost precondition of attaining social prominence. It is important to understand that the very concept of Western civilized living came to being as the result of our ancestors having grown less depended on nature. This is the reason why it is namely ‘spiritually rich’ but flea-ridden people from the Third World countries who strive to immigrate to ‘spiritually impoverished’ Western countries, and not the vice versa. Unlike many of Western particularly ‘progressive’ new-agers, they know perfectly well that it is namely rationale-based technology and not savage ‘spirituality’, out of which high standards of living and consequentially such notions as tolerance, open-mindedness and love derive, in the first place.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leading with Soul Response specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another idea, which is being promoted by Bolman and Deal and that is being utterl y inconsistent with the very concept of Western education, is that leaders (teachers) must strive to ensure that the process of people’s managing, on their part, appears deeply ritualistic: â€Å"When ritual and ceremony are authentic and attuned, they fire the imagination, evoke insight, and touch the heart. Ceremony weaves past, present, and future into life’s ongoing tapestry. Ritual helps us to face and comprehend life’s everyday shocks, triumphs, and mysteries† (p. 117). Yet, had both authors bothered to educate themselves on the basics of biology, sociology and psychology, they would know that one’s ritualistic-mindedness is nothing but the behavioral proof of his or her evolutionary atavism (underdevelopment). After having successfully dealt with a particular life’s challenge, savages naively expect that their ritualized experiences, in this respect, will continue to help them addressing qualitatively different challenges in the futur e. For example, after having been given some gifts by American soldiers, quartered in New Haiti during the course of Pacific War, and after having been exposed to the sight of these soldiers indulging in marching exercises and constructing landing strips for planes, country’s natives had established a new highly ritualistic ‘cargo religion’. Even up to this date, they march back and forth with bamboo sticks on their shoulders (meant to symbolize rifles), built ‘cargo planes’ out of tree-branches and naively expect that their unwavering adherence to the empty ‘cargo’ ritual will yield some practical benefits. The intellectual arrogance and inflexibility is the actual root of a ritual – an empty form without any affiliated content, whatsoever. Therefore, it is only individuals not overly burdened with intellect, such as Bolman and Deal, who may seriously think that ritual is the pathway towards attaining a higher state of consciousn ess. On the contrary – ritual is the pathway back into primeval savagery, where there can be no consciousness by definition, but only animalistic instincts. And, as I have pointed out earlier, the notion of savagery and the concept of education simply do not interrelate. For those who believe in otherwise, it would not hurt to pay a little visit to the psychiatrist.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Bolman, L. Deal, T. (2001). Leading with soul: An uncommon journey of spirit.  San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Brown, R. Hanlon, C. (1970). â€Å"Derivational complexity and order of acquisition  in child speech†, In JR Hayes, ed. Cognition and the development of  language. New York: Wiley. Carrette, J. King, R. (2004). Selling spirituality: The silent takeover of religion.  New York: Routledge, 2004. This critical writing on Leading with Soul Response was written and submitted by user Korath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Effects of the Mongol Empire on Europe

Effects of the Mongol Empire on Europe In 1211, Genghis Khan (1167-1227) and his nomadic armies burst out from Mongolia and swiftly conquered most of Eurasia. The Great Khan died in 1227, but his sons and grandsons continued the expansion of the Mongol Empire across Central Asia, China, the Middle East, and into Europe.   Key Takeaways: Genghis Khan's Impact on Europe The spread of the bubonic plague from Central Asia into Europe decimated the populations but increased opportunities for the survivors.  Ã‚  An enormous variety of new consumer goods, agriculture, weaponry, religion, and medical science became available in Europe.  New diplomatic channels between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East were opened.  Russia became unified for the first time.   Starting in 1236, Genghis Khans third son, Ogodei, decided to conquer as much of Europe as he could. By 1240, the Mongols had control of what is now Russia and Ukraine, seizing Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary over the next few years. The Mongols also tried to capture Poland and Germany, but Ogodeis death in 1241 and the succession struggle that followed distracted them from this mission. In the end, the Mongols Golden Horde ruled over a vast swath of eastern Europe, and rumors of their approach terrified western Europe, but they went no farther west than Hungary. At their height, the rulers of the Mongol Empire conquered, occupied, and controlled more than twice the amount of land and twice the population as any other family in human history.   Shepherd, William. Historical Atlas. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1911/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain The Mongol Invasion of Europe Reports of the Mongol attacks terrified Europe. The Mongols increased their empire using swift and decisive attacks with an armed and disciplined cavalry. They wiped out the populations of some entire towns that resisted, as was their usual policy, depopulating some regions and confiscating the crops and livestock from others. This type of total warfare spread panic even among Europeans not directly affected by the Mongol onslaught and sent refugees fleeing westward. Perhaps even more importantly, the Mongol conquest of central Asia and eastern Europe allowed a deadly disease - the bubonic plague - to travel from its home range in western China and Mongolia to Europe along newly-restored trade routes. The bubonic plague was endemic to fleas that live on marmots in the steppes of eastern central Asia, and the Mongol hordes inadvertently brought those fleas across the continent, unleashing the plague on Europe. Between 1300 and 1400, the Black Death killed about 35 percent of Chinas people, its population dropping from 115 million to 75 million. In Europe, an estimated 25 percent of the people died, decreased the population from an estimated 79 million to 60 million.   Positive Effects of the Mongols Although the Mongol invasion of Europe sparked terror and disease, in the long run, it had enormous positive impacts.  The foremost was what historians call the Pax Mongolica, a century of peace (circa 1280-1360) among neighboring peoples who were all under Mongol rule. This peace allowed for the reopening of the Silk Road trading routes between China and Europe, increasing cultural exchange and wealth all along the trade paths. Central Asia was a region that had always been important to overland trade between China and the West. As the region became stable under the Pax Mongolica, trade became less risky under the various empires, and as cross-cultural interactions became more and more intensive and extensive, more and more goods were traded.   Spread of Technology Within the Pax Mongolica, the sharing of knowledge, information, and cultural identity was encouraged. Citizens could legally become followers of Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, or anything else - as long as their practice didnt interfere with the political ambitions of the Khan. The Pax Mongolica also allowed monks, missionaries, traders, and explorers to travel along the trade routes. One famous example is the Venetian trader and explorer Marco Polo, who traveled to the court of Genghis Khans grandson Kublai Khan (Quibilai) at Xanadu in China.   Some of the most fundamental ideas and technologies in the world - papermaking, printing, and gunpowder manufacturing, among many others - made their way across Asia via the Silk Road. Migrants, merchants, explorers, pilgrims, refugees, and soldiers brought along with them their disparate religious and cultural ideas and domesticated animals, plants, flowers, vegetables, and fruit as they joined this gigantic cross-continental exchange. As historian Ma Debin describes it, the Silk Road was the original melting pot, the lifeline of the Eurasian continent. Effects of the Mongol Conquest Before the Mongol Empire, Europeans and Chinese were largely unaware of the others existence. Trade established along the Silk Road in the first centuries B.C.E. had become rare, dangerous, and unpredictable. Long-distance trade, human migration, and imperial expansion actively engaged people in different societies in significant cross-cultural interactions. Afterward, interactions between the two were not only possible but encouraged.  Ã‚   Diplomatic contacts and religious missions were established over vast distances. Islamic merchants helped gain a footing for their faith at the extreme ends of the Eastern Hemisphere, spreading from southeast Asia and west Africa and across northern India and Anatolia.   Alarmed, western Europeans and the Mongol rulers of China sought a diplomatic alliance with one another against the Muslims in southwest Asia. Europeans sought to convert Mongols to Christianity and establish a Christian community in China. The Mongols saw the spread as a threat. Neither of these initiatives was successful, but the opening of political channels made a substantive difference.   Transfer of Scientific Knowledge The entire overland route of the Silk Road witnessed a vigorous revival under the Pax Mongolica. Its rulers actively worked to ensure the safety of the trade routes, building effective post stations and rest stops, introducing the use of paper money and eliminating artificial trade barriers. By 1257, Chinese raw silk appeared in the silk-producing area of Italy, and in the 1330s, a single merchant sold thousands of pounds of silk in Genoa.   The Mongolians absorbed scientific knowledge from Persia, India, China, and Arabia. Medicine became one of the many areas of life and culture that flourished under Mongol rule. Keeping an army healthy was vital, so they created hospitals and training centers to encourage the exchange and expansion of medical knowledge. As a result, China employed doctors from India and the Middle East, all of which was communicated to European centers. Kublai Khan founded an institution for the study of Western medicine. The Persian historian Rashid al-Din (1247-1318) published the first known book on Chinese medicine outside China in 1313. Unification of Russia The Golden Hordes occupation of eastern Europe also unified Russia. Prior to the period of Mongol rule, the Russian people were organized into a series of small self-governing city-states, the most notable being Kiev. In order to throw off the Mongol yoke, the Russian-speaking peoples of the region had to unite. In 1480, the Russians - led by the Grand Duchy of Moscow (Muscovy) - managed to defeat and expel the Mongols. Although Russia has since been invaded several times by the likes of Napoleon Bonaparte and the German Nazis, it has never again been conquered. The Beginnings of Modern Fighting Tactics One final contribution that the Mongols made to Europe is difficult to categorize as good or bad. The Mongols introduced two deadly Chinese inventions - guns and gunpowder - to the West. The new weaponry sparked a revolution in European fighting tactics, and the many warring states of Europe all strove over the following centuries to improve their firearms technology. It was a constant, multisided arms race, which heralded the end of knightly combat and the beginning of modern standing armies. In the centuries to come, European states would muster their new and improved guns first for piracy, to seize control over parts of the oceangoing silk and spices trade, and then eventually to impose European colonial rule over much of the world. Ironically, the Russians used their superior firepower in the 19th and 20th centuries to conquer many of the lands that had been part of the Mongol Empire, including outer Mongolia where Genghis Khan was born. Sources   Bentley, Jerry H. Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History. The American Historical Review, Vol. 101, No. 3, Oxford University Press, JSTOR, June 1996. Davis-Kimball, Jeannine. Asia, Central, Steppes. Encyclopedia of Archaeology, Academic Press, ScienceDirect, 2008. Di Cosmo, Nicola. Black Sea Emporia and the Mongol Empire: A Reassessment of the Pax Mongolica. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Volume 53: Issue 1-2, Brill, January 1, 2009. Flynn, Dennis O. (Editor). Pacific Centuries: Pacific and Pacific Rim Economic History since the 16th Century. Routledge Explorations in Economic History, Lionel Frost (Editor), A.J.H. Latham (Editor), 1st Edition, Routledge, February 10, 1999. Ma, Debin. The Great Silk Exchange: How the World Was Connected and Developed. CiteSeer, The College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, 2019. Pederson, Neil. Pluvials, droughts, the Mongol Empire, and modern Mongolia. Amy E. Hessl, Nachin Baatarbileg, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, March 25, 2014. Perdue, Peter C. Boundaries, Maps, and Movement: Chinese, Russian, and Mongolian Empires in Early Modern Central Eurasia. Volume 20, 1998 - Issue 2, The International History Review, Informa UK Limited, December 1, 2010. Safavi-Abbasi, S. The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire. Neurosurg Focus, Brasiliense LB, Workman RK, et al., National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2007, Bethesda MD.

S4 W7 one pager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

S4 W7 one pager - Assignment Example This scenario seems not to change as the organization sticks to mediation rather than the use of force. A good example is the situation in Syria where the organization has all the reasons to use force to restore peace in Syria. However, the organization opted to provide mediation chances between the government and the rebellion. This decision was questionable as many Arab nations felt that the organization would have used force to restore the peace in Syria. Clement & Smith (2009) argues that even if the organization wanted to use force in Syria, they would have lacked an experienced group to deal with the situation. The only option was to outsource peacekeeping troop from the United Nations. This move would be a breach of the organization’s rules and regulations. The capabilities of the League of Arab States are not beyond finding other means of resolving conflicts other than mediation. Their peacekeeping ambition may be only implemented if the member states change the constitution and amend the clause on using force in its member

Team Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Team Management - Essay Example Therefore, teams enable the individual members to bring into their teams special skills and knowledge, different experience as well as diverse cultural exposure. Teams also allow for a speedy communication process as feedback can be achieved in short periods of time (Cranny, Smith, & Stone, 1992). Mullins, (2005) identifies some potential problems in teams as conflicts which arise due to differences in individual's way of doing things, poor leadership of the team if especially the mode of communication the team adopts is very centralised. Cranny, Smith, and Stone, (1992) identifies personality differences as another cause of team failure given the fact that individuals may fail to work together if they have major or irreconcilable personality differences. If a team lacks clear focus for its aims and objectives there is always a likelihood that such teams may end up failing to achieve the very goals they were formed to achieve. Therefore the management has a role in team building especially through encouraging collective responsibility amongst team members. Teams cannot function in an environment free from conflicts and therefore the only way to achieve team goals and objectives is by engaging in effective conflict resolution strategies through strengthening of teams. Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, (2005) defines a team as a formal group of people working together with an aim of achieving common goals. Teams are important in that, they improve performance in an organization, they enhance communication and they make an organization more competitive in that they draw from a wide range of talent. On the other hand, groups are less formal and less coherent and thrive best outside the organisation and whenever groups exist within the organisation, it is usually in a non formal setting. This paper looks at conflicts in teams as the single most threat to team survival and team spirit. In addition, the paper outlines as well as analyzes conflict management process in teams. Business organizations are constantly striving to achieve efficiency and effectiveness on the part of the work force. The numerous challenges organizations are faced with such as ; competitor activity and unfavorable business environment all play a very important role in determining the success of the organization. Of all resources an organisation has in its disposal none is perhaps as relevant and important to the success of the organisation than the human resources. Human resources if managed well hold the key to the success of the organization. According to Cranny, Smith, and Stone, (1992) human resources output is higher when the employee's function as a team than it is the case when employees function in their individual units. A synergetic effect is what results when organizations embrace team spirit. However, creating functional and efficient teams' calls for expertise, tolerance and a lot of motivation on the part of the organization. Teams enable employees to exploit their potential and therefore increase job performance. A team consists of members with diverse experience, skills and

Importance of Friends Essay Example for Free

Importance of Friends Essay â€Å"The silver friend knows your present and the gold friend knows all of your past dirt and glories. Once in a blue moon there is someone who knows it all, someone who knows and accepts you unconditionally, someone who is there for life.† This is a quote I read once in an article by Jill McCorkle in my cousin’s house. McCorkle’s description of a â€Å"gold friend† describes a friendship that I have with a group of girls who mean the world to me. These friends are the pearls of my life. This word bears its great meaning to me and only to those who could understand the greatness of its meaning. It’s something sacred, it needs to be cherished and build up for many years with much care. Its a complex, magical process, which must contain fluid that will start spinning the wheel. Let me tell you something about my friends.When I was a freshman in high school, I became friends with these girls-Guia,Krisha, Carla, Magz, Cj, Jian, and Chantel. Since the beginning of that year, we have all been best friends. There were many times we rode around together. However, this particular Jeep ride was very significant because I realized what friendship is all about. One Tuesday night, we all went to Greenwich in SM, except Chantel, and eat there with the parents of Guia because it was the celebration of her birthday. This experienced will remain and will never be erased from me because it was one of the happiest things that had happened to me. Friendship like ours was something many people had never experienced. To me, the significance of our relationship is a unique bond that I feel with these ladies. They are like sisters that God did not give me. They have been there for me at times when my world was falling apart. As I finally drifted off to sleep that night, I thanked God for allowing me to have them in my life. These eight girls, including RIchel of course, have been my guardian angels. I have always been able to count on them, no matter what the situation is. They have helped me face the next day when I did not know if it was possible. We have been through everything; we have laughed, cried, and then laughed at ourselves for crying together. There have been many times when I have been lonely and I reminisce back to the experiences I had with them. It reminds me that there are people who care about me and accept me for who I am. A true friendship is a magnificent thing and as Talbot Jennings said â€Å"Friend is the finest word in any language. Life without friends is a life I could not imagine.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby as Criticism of American Society

  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes American society in the 1920?s for its tendencies to waste, advertise, form superficial relationships, and obsess over appearances. The work has been praised for both its brutal realism and its keen depiction of the age that The New York Times referred to as the era when, 'gin was the national drink and sex was the national obsession'(Fitzgerald vii).   ' . . . indifference is presented as a moral failure - a failure of society, particularly the society of the American east to recognize the imperatives of truth and honesty and justice? (Gallo 35).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes the wasteful tendencies of American society.   He uses the valley of ashes to refer to this ugly aspect of American society.   The valley of ashes is a bleak area situated between the West Egg and New York City, 'where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air'(Fitzgerald 23).   This unpleasant wasteland is located right along the roadway and train route between the eggs, home of the lofty aristocrats, and New York City, the exciting and fashionable metropolis where many of the nations wealthiest people live, work, and entertain themselves.   'There is no essential difference between the moneyed wastelands of New York City and Long Island and the valley of ashes,' (Gallo 49)  Ã‚   Referring to an eye doctor's billboard in the valley of ashes, Nick, our narrator comments:   Evidently some wild wag of an oculist set them there to fatten his practice   in the borough of Queens, and then sank down himself into eternal   blindness or forgot them and moved away.   But ... ... Moment: The Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1970. Whitley, John S.   F. Scott Fitzgerald: "The Great Gatsby." London: Edward Arnold, 1976. Outline Thesis statement: In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes American society in the 1920?s for its tendency to waste, advertise, form superficial relationships, and obsess over appearances. I. Introduction   A. Literary Classic   B. Societal Criticism    1. wasteful tendency    2. advertising obsession    3. superficial relationships    4. appearances fixation II. Wasteful Tendency   A. Valley of Ashes   B. Gatsby   C. Tom and Daisy III. Advertising Obsession   A. Billboard   B. McKees   C. Tom   D. Daisy   E. Gatsby III. Appearances Fixation   A. Myrtle   B. Catherine   C. Gatsby IV. Superficial Relationships   A. Billboard   B. Myrtle?s Party

Public School System Essay

Abstract The public school system in America is a topic that is surrounded by great debate. There are many questions that surround this topic. The research question for this paper was, is the public school system failing to prepare our children for the future? And, what solutions are available if the system is failing? The methodology the researcher used in this paper was literature review, and he also conducted an interview with someone working in the field. In this paper the researcher explains how the public school system is failing to prepare our children for the future. The paper also explains how the teaching styles are out dated. The researcher also explains the solutions that are already in place and the possible solutions for the future. Introduction For several decades, the public school system has been a topic of great debate. There are many questions surrounding this topic, such as: Is the public schools system failing to prepare our children? Who should make the curriculum? Who should make the policies? And what role and say do the parents have in their children’s education? These are just a few examples of the questions that may come up with the topic of public education. This topic is important to me because of the diverse educational background I come from. I started out my educational experience in regular classes and then was moved to advanced classes and finally, after failing, I ended up at an alternative school. That is why I ask the question, is the public school system failing to prepare our children for the future, what are the problems, and if it is what is being done to fix it? Due to my educational background I do believe that the public school system is failing to prepare our children. I also believe there are many contributing factors, such as, the school staff, the government, the teachers union, and even the parents. I also believe that there are many ways to fix the system, like new union and staff rules, changing the curriculum, and involving more educators than politicians when forming policies. This topic is important for all children in the U.S. public school system, because if the system is successfully improved, their learning experience will be greatly enhanced. It will also benefit the teachers, because they will have the opportunity to truly serve the community rather than just going to work. This has become a very complex topic but after reading the research ahead you will see that the answer is relatively simple. Review of Literature There is an idea that our public schools are failing to prepare our children for the future. This future could be four year college, technical school or directly into the work place. It is the job of our public schools to prepare each student for all of these futures. However, it seems that the idea that their failing has become the reality and it is a concerning thought that America is producing children less prepared for the world than are other countries. The National Center for Education conducted a study in 1995 involving students from forty one countries. They tested skills in math and science for students in fourth, eighth, and twelfth grades. What they found at the fourth grade level was that the students were above the international average in mathematics and science. At the eighth grade level they found that the students scored below the international average in mathematics, but above the average in science. At the twelfth grade level they found that the students scored below the international average among the lowest of the participating nations. (Calsyn, Gonzales, & Frase, 1999) This seems to be the trend with our students in America. They tend to level off instead of advancing like students in other nations. Part of this problem is due to the teaching that the students receive. This is described in the 1995 study by the National Center for Education; â€Å"eighth grade U.S. mathematics teachers’ typical goal is to teach students how to do something, while Japanese teachers’ goal is to help students learn how to do something and also understand mathematical concepts so that they can solve future problems.† (Calsyn, Gonzales, & Frase, 1999) Some teaching was said to be boring and out dated. The students sometimes seem like drones listening to the person in the front of the room rather than grasping the whole idea. Mike O’Conner described in his interview. (O’Conner, 2012) The documentary Waiting for Superman also talked about the case of the bad teacher. Which, if your school has one, it was said that you would be stuck with it? This is mainly because of the union benefit called tenure that protects teachers from being dismissed for the wrong reasons, but also makes it very difficult and sometimes impossible to dismiss the bad teachers. (Guggenheim, 2010) Teachers are not the only problem and should not be the only source of blame. There are higher positions to the school system than just teachers such as principals, administrators, and city officials that all play a role in the failing system. The article Dependant teachers, Ineffective Principals, Failing Children describes the differences between having good administrators and bad. The article goes on to say that if a school has a good administrator they will attract good teachers. Then it talks about bad administrators and their need for power and control. This in turn will attract teachers who have dependency needs and do not tolerate independence. (Muschel, Fall 1979) In other words, if you have bad leaders you get bad followers. This article also describes how through the use of rules, regulations, paperwork, and language an administrator can control the staff. They do this to give themselves job satisfaction, but it ultimately stops the teachers from effectively engaging in the classroom. (Muschel, Fall 1979) The government officials also play a role in the way our schools’ lesson plans are laid out. The article Needed: Educational Philosophy as a guide for Decision Making in the Public Schools touches on this. (Klein, Spring 1977) The article talks about how the endeavors of our politicians change our schools curriculum. It also states that the direction our country is going in comparison with other nations changes our curriculum. One example of this is during our endeavors to beat Russia into space our children were required to learn complex and abstract science and math disciplines. (Klein, Spring 1977) Another example of the politics behind education is the No Child Left Behind act of 2002. This act by congress states that each state set up a standard that each student has to test at. It also gives the parents the right to pull a child out of a failing school and put them in a better one. In addition it holds the state accountable for its education. The article Conflicts over Directing the Education of Children: Who Controls, Parents or School Officials, talks about this act. It says that the schools are more accountable for a student’s yearly success. It also states that the schools need to use researched based methods of teaching. It also talks about how the act is somewhat of a control of parental rights; in the manner that it is up for the individual to seek education. Overall, it mainly talks about how the act should help improve students who are in economically disadvantaged areas, but does not touch on the failing children in the more economically fluent areas. (Russo, 2005) Mike O’Conner also talked about the No Child Left Behind act in his interview. He mainly said that it is a good idea, but it is about twenty years too late. He said this because of the times we are in. He also described how this is the technology and information age, it is time we start teaching in that capacity, rather than make provisions that still support our old system. (O’Conner, 2012) One other problem which was touched on by the film Changing Education Paradigms. This problem was the fact that children are medicated for ADHA too much and too quickly. It was described that children now are being bombarded by information from every technological device around them. This, in turn, distracts them from the information on the blackboard, which appears boring. To deal with this the students are medicated to calm them down and making them pay attention. It also showed that the prescriptions are given more frequently as you head east across the states. (Robinson, 2010) That is just some of the problems with public education today. There are many more like attendance issues, and the children’s home environment. These are just some of the main points surrounding our public schools problems. Now it is time to address some of the solutions to these problems. As the problem of the failing public education system grew so did the demand for a solution. Educators and others came up with one solution which has mixed reviews. This was the invention of the alternative, or charter schools. These schools are set up for the student to ultimately succeed in today’s curriculum, with more ease and confidence. The article An Oasis of Hope: the Power of Thinking Developmentally (McCarty & Quirk, 2003) talks about how the public schools have placed some children in low quality, control based programs which give them limited outcomes. It goes on to say that these children need to be put in alternative programs that follow positive guidelines. These guidelines should follow these principles: All children must have opportunities for success based on efforts which are celebrated by significant adults. All children need to be seen for their strengths. All children must have opportunities to develop qualities which follow a healthy developmental progression. All children have the right to live and learn in contexts relevant to their real lives and dreams. (p. 106) The article also describes how to use these principals in the framework for alternative schools for special needs children. (McCarty & Quirk, 2003) The idea of alternative and charter schools is in our own backyard of Milwaukee. â€Å"Wisconsin ranks among the leaders in education,† according to the article Alternative Education Programs in Milwaukee. (Howard, Summer 2003) The article states that, â€Å"in 1990 the state of Wisconsin legislated mandatory alternative education programs for children at risk of not graduating from high school.† Howard states that the legislation set parameters that qualify the children as at risk such as; one or more years behind their age group in the number of high school credits attained, habitual truants, adjudicated delinquents, and parents. (Howard, Summer 2003) The article also says that by August fifteenth of each year the schools must have a plan in place for each student who is at risk. It goes on to describe the classes as a fifteen to one student to teacher ratio, which allows personalized time with each student. (Howard, Summer 2003) Howard also talks about three different alternative schools which are Silverspring Neighborhood Academy, Shalom High School, and Cornerstone Achievement Center. Each school has a different approach to the alternative setting, but they all share equal success with their students, according to the article. (Howard, Summer 2003) The video documentary Waiting for Superman is a great example of the successes of charter schools. This documentary talks about several schools across the country. Most of these schools are in the larger cities, but some are in the suburbs. It talks about the great success stories that each school has where the public sector is failing. It also stated that the students graduating from the schools shown were adequately prepared for college. The film also showed the demand for the schools in the failing districts, because the students had to be placed in a lottery just to get in. According to the film, almost all the students who attended the charter schools were successful and most went on to college. Another way the school system can improve is by completely restructuring the way the children are taught. According to Mike O’Conner, in his interview, the schools were designed to educate children fifty years ago. He states that the schools need to â€Å"personalize learning† and base the education on â€Å"competency rather than credits.† One example of this would be not having â€Å"archaic technology bans such as cell phones and I Pads.† Also, with the competency rather than credit program, a child could start school and finish at their own pase, rather than six years of elementary, two years of middle school, and four years of high school. An example of that is two students start their freshman year; one student finishes school in three years, the other in five. Mike also says that part of the â€Å"solution is pacing, relevancy, and refocusing on creativity† which will help keep children involved and help them develop their passions. This is the focal points of what he is trying to do at his school. He also states that although these are great solutions, he does not see it at the state or national level yet. Additionally he thinks that if the school system does not act soon on these ideas, America’s dropout rate and failure rate will rise drastically. (O’Conner, 2012) Discussion As the research shows the public school system is failing to prepare our children. There are many contributing factors to this. The way I see it is there are too many people trying to be in charge. The schools are controlled by federal, state and local governments. First of all, none of these bodies are education experts. Second, each of these government bodies has their own interests in mind, not necessarily the well being of the children. Third, the three different bodies of government seldom see eye to eye with each other. This is why I think the state and local government need to step out completely in the areas of curriculum not in the areas of budgets. I think if this happened the school system will be on one united front, which would be a good start. They could make teaching a federal job then, and at that point they could abolish the teachers union, and the teachers could still get union like benefits. With this they could make the teaching jobs more performance based. This would also abolish the idea of bad teachers and administrators, because if they have bad performance they would no longer be working in that field. That is just part of the problem. The bigger problem at hand is our outdated curriculum and teaching style. I experienced this, my whole life in school, until my senior year of high school when I was placed in an alternative program. The idea of alternative and charter schools is great, because it gives children a chance, and it promotes competition with the public sector. I think the charter schools are on the right track, but if they do not keep continue with innovative ideas, they will be in the same situation as the public sector. I think the best way for all to benefit is to restructure the whole teaching curriculum and learning environment. I think we need to structure it as if our current time was 2025 and not 2012, because if we do that we will not be starting out dated from the get go. Conclusion Public education is an important role in our children’s lives. It is there to help them develop learning and life skills for the future, so that they may go on and play vital roles in society. It is unfortunate that the research shows that our current public school system is failing to prepare our children for the future. It also shows that there are many reasons for this such as, the government, the design of the curriculum and teaching styles, school staff, the parents, and, in some regard, the teachers union. There is hope however, the invention of the charter school is helping children graduate and preparing them for college. There are also some acts that the government has put in place to have some accountability for the children’s success. It is hopeful because there are others out there trying to reshape our whole education system to benefit today’s needs. Our current system is failing. We are behind in almost all subjects when compared to other nations. This is a scary thought when you think of a global economy. Our children are not as prepared as children in other countries to fulfill job needs on a global scale. This means that our children currently are less likely to have the skills to make the new inventions that will carry our nation into the future. This potential is that America, as a whole, will fall behind other nations in all aspects, and it could all be due to education. All of these are frightening thoughts and if we do not act quickly and make changes now it is only going to get harder. Education is one of the most important parts in building society. In our country we are provided the opportunity to have somewhat free public education. Our system seems to be failing; this failure provides a great opportunity. There are many ways to repair it and it is time that we stop crawling with the issue, and start making leaps and bounds. If we start working together we can rebuild the corner stone to a successful society, which is education. References Calsyn, C., Gonzales, P., & Frase, M. (1999). Highlights from TIMMS. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education. Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2010). Waiting for Superman [Motion Picture]. Howard, T. (Summer 2003). Alternative Education Programs Milwaukee. Reclaiming Children and Youth , 121-123. Klein, D. S. (Spring 1977). Needed: Educational Philosophy as a Guide for Decision-Makeing in the Public Schools. Education , 290-293. McCarty, B. C., & Quirk, C. A. (2003). An â€Å"Oasis OF Hope†: The Power of Thinking Developmentally. Reclaiming Children and Youth , 105-107. Muschel, I. (Fall 1979, Fall). Dependent Teachers, Ineffective Principals, Failing Children. Education , 06-12. O’Conner, M. (2012, February 2). A Principals Point of Veiw. (D. Miller, Interviewer) Robinson, K. (Director). (2010). Changing Education Paradigms [Motion Picture]. Russo, C. J. (2005). Conflicts over Directing the Education of Children: Who Controls, Parents or School Officials? The Journal of Education , 27-40.

Film Production And Production Major Essay - 1728 Words

Imagine hearing your alarm clock start to buzz and you turn to look at the clock, the time reads 4am. You get up, have a quick breakfast, and get dressed for work. By the time you end up back at home it is around 11pm-12am and you are exhausted but have to do the same thing over in the morning. This lifestyle is quite normal for people working in film production and this schedule is typical to last over a three-month period. Although film production is an exhausting profession it can be very rewarding in itself. Film is an art form and producers make a generous living on the wages if done correctly. Missouri State is home to an excelling Film and Production major by the name of Thomas Romainville. He has been in the program here since the beginning of the fall 2016 semester and has had an abundance of success thus far. Thomas is from Belgium and came to the United States in 2011 as an exchange student. His main goal for studying away was to better his English and go back to Belgium to start working on a career. Although he did not know what that career might be, being bilingual in French and English would expand his career options exponentially. He did however have a passion for movies and film early on in life. He owned a small camera when he was young and would make small videos, short documentaries, and practice editing during his time in Belgium. After his pilgrimage to the United States he became involved in school and met two of his now best friends. These friends wereShow MoreRelatedArundel Partners Case Analysis Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestors (Arundel group) i s looking into the idea of purchasing the sequel rights associated with films produced by one or more major movie studios. Movie rights are to be purchased prior to films being made. 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