What Does a University Essay Outline do?

What Does a University Essay Outline do?Having a University Essay outline is important when writing your very own first ever essay. It gives you the clear outline you will need to know exactly what is needed to create your own masterpiece. It will give you a structure that you can then use to make sure you get your essay right the first time.The University Essay outline will help you determine what is needed to be included in your work. You will have the proper ideas and examples to work with and know exactly what should be in it. There is also a section on how to go about writing your piece. This includes tips and advice on everything from research to spellings.While an outline can give you a good idea of what to expect from your research, it can not completely replace the idea behind the writing process. After all, a finished piece will not have the structure of an outline. What makes an outline so important is the information you will get along the way to get your piece right.Ever yone has their own unique style when it comes to writing essays. The outline helps you decide which parts are needed to be in your essay, so that you know where to focus your writing. You can write on your own, or you can ask a friend to help you; there is no right or wrong way to go about this.The University Essay outline can also provide insight into other areas of your work as well. By going through your outline, you will be able to see if there are any areas you could do a better job with. This allows you to take your work and make it better, which is always a good thing.Knowing what you need to include can also give you a good idea of what style you should use. You will have a good idea of what kind of tone you should set for your writing. After all, it is your own piece, and you want it to come out as good as possible.Essays should be able to stand on their own without much outside assistance. Your guide to what should not be included will help you make sure that your masterpi ece comes out as good as it possibly can. This is especially true if you are writing for a class assignment, or are putting together a college paper.A University Essay outline will also give you a good idea of how much research you should do. It can be easy to go over your outline and forget certain details, so making sure you do enough research before starting your project will ensure that you do not come across as forgetting anything. Researching can be a difficult task for most people, but it can be done, as long as you have the proper resources to use.

An Overview of the Edge City Theory

Theyre called suburban business districts, major diversified centers, suburban cores, minicities, suburban activity centers, cities of realms, galactic cities, urban subcenters, pepperoni-pizza cities, superburbia, technoburbs, nucleations, disurbs, service cities, perimeter cities, peripheral centers, urban villages, and suburban downtowns but the name thats now most commonly used for places that the foregoing terms describe is edge cities. The term edge cities was coined by Washington Post journalist and author Joel Garreau in his 1991 book Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. Garreau equates the growing edge cities at major suburban freeway interchanges around America as the latest transformation of how we live and work. These new suburban cities have sprung up like dandelions across the fruited plain, theyre home to glistening office towers, huge retail complexes, and are always located close to major highways. There were a hundred thousand shapes and substances of incompleteness, wildly mingled out of their places, upside down, burrowing in the earth, aspiring in the earth, moldering in the water, and unintelligible as in any dream. - Charles Dickens on London in 1848; Garreau calls this quote the best one-sentence description of Edge City extant. Characteristics of the Typical Edge City The archetypal edge city is Tysons Corner, Virginia, outside Washington, D.C. Its located near the junctions of Interstate 495 (the D.C. beltway), Interstate 66, and Virginia 267 (the route from D.C. to Dulles International Airport). Tysons Corner wasnt much more than a village a few decades ago but today its home to the largest retail area on the east coast south of New York City (that includes Tysons Corner Center, home to six anchor department stores and over 230 stores in all), over 3,400 hotel rooms, over 100,000 jobs, over 25 million square feet of office space. Yet Tysons Corner is a city without a local civic government; much of it lies in unincorporated Fairfax County. Garreau established five rules for a place to be considered an edge city: The area must have more than five million square feet of office space (about the space of a good-sized downtown)The place must include over 600,000 square feet of retail space (the size of a large regional shopping mall)The population must rise every morning and drop every afternoon (i.e., there are more jobs than homes)The place is known as a single end destination (the place has it all; entertainment, shopping, recreation, etc.)The area must not have been anything like a city 30 years ago (cow pastures would have been nice) Garreau identified 123 places in a chapter of his book called The List as being true edge cities and 83 up-and-coming or planned edge cities around the country. The List included two dozen edge cities or those in progress in greater Los Angeles alone, 23 in metro Washington, D.C., and 21 in greater New York City. Garreau speaks to the history of the edge city: Edge Cities represent the third wave of our lives pushing into new frontiers in this half century. First, we moved our homes out past the traditional idea of what constituted a city. This was the suburbanization of America, especially after World War II. Then we wearied of returning downtown for the necessities of life, so we moved our marketplaces out to where we lived. This was the malling of America, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, we have moved our means of creating wealth, the essence of urbanism - our jobs - out to where most of us have lived and shopped for two generations. That has led to the rise of Edge City. (p. 4)

The, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness - 1679 Words

We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. These words represent the ideals of our country, but at the time that they were written, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness were withheld from many members of american society. Racism, the belief that the physical appearance of a person or group determines their capabilities and that one group is naturally superior to others, has deep roots in our countries history, and the struggle against it continues to this day. Since colonists first arrived in the western hemisphere, African Americans have been defined as a weaker, less intelligent class of beings, and this definition allowed them to be treated as property and used as a free labor source throughout the continent. The prejudices born during the time of slavery, left deep scars in the social landscape of the United S tates, and though slavery was abolished after the civil war, African americans were still treated as a lower caste, less than human. Over the years, laws guaranteeing and withholding rights have come and gone, but the societal construct of racism endured in the american psyche. After the civil war, hopes for reform were high, the north essentially had carte blanche to reshape the decimated south as it saw fit. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments were ratified abolishingShow MoreRelatedThe Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Declaration of Independence declares that human beings have certain unalienable rights, â€Å"that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Through slavery, these rights were systematically denied to a select class of people. George Santayana (1905) commented that, â€Å"those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.† Although abortion is legal in this country, the debate on whether it should be or not is far from settled. In November of 2014, Colorado Amendment 67 (TheRead MoreThe, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness1999 Words   |  8 Pages​â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness† are the ideals the United States was founded on. This means that everyone has a right to live and do what makes them happy. They are able to do this without fear of punishment, retaliation, or persecution. However, some countries throughout history, believed that this was not the correct way for their people to live. They felt that the government should have absolute control over everything the people did. In light of this, such a country may be ledRead MoreThe On Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1467 Words   |  6 Pages In the United States, we really put an emphasis on liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It is one of our founding principles; however, in some areas, we seem to want to limit that. For example, in our education system, our society has been arguing for quite some time about whether or not there should be options or whether everyone should be required to attend the standard brick-and-mortar public schools. While those schools serve a critical purpose in our society, that does not mean that otherRead MoreThe, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe words â€Å"†¦ that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† are the building blocks that gave rise to one of the greatest countries, the United States of America. Without the help of influential leaders, such as Thomas Paine and his thought provoking writing Common Sense, this country’s independence would have ceased to exist. In April of 1775 the war began which would beRead MoreLiberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness2764 Words   |  12 PagesAccording to the Declaration of Independence, one of the documents on which our country bases its government on, â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† So is there a reason, or cause that someone could lose these God given rights? What would bring about the stripping of a citizens birthright of the enumerated freedoms, laid out by the United States Constitution? Perhaps a violationRead MoreLiberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness2015 Words   |  9 Pages Thomas Jefferson, as well as other American enlightenment thinkers at the time, held the belief that â€Å"all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.† (US, 1776) This line from the Declaration of Independence does not make a distinction between any groups of people – it specifies that ALL men have access to these unalienable rights, which proves to be in conflict with the systemRead MoreLife, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness789 Words   |  4 Pagesshould declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We reaffirm today these truths to self-evident, that all people are created equal, that they are endowed by creation with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. - That these rights are secured by Governments instituted among Men and deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, - And when Government has become destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alterRead MoreLife, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness902 Words   |  4 PagesAs a citizen of the United States, you are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This is a VIRTUE that everyone embarks on; however, what if you were told you were doing it wrong? Aristotle begins his STORY stating that â€Å"EVERY art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim.† He goes on to say then, becaus e these ends at which we aim are onlyRead MoreLife, Liberty, The Pursuit Of Happiness1852 Words   |  8 Pages Life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness; this is one prime reasons why America is so great. Very few places can you go and get what America has to offer. ‘Of, relating to, or characteristic of the United States or its inhabitants†, this is the definition of ‘American’ according to Google. Why is this ‘relevant’, you might ask? Lets take a look back, Apollo 13 and Argo films showed just what its like to represent America, and embodied what the American dream is made of, and what it is like to comeRead MoreWomen, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Despite our founding stating that all men are created equal, the course of history has proven otherwise. Throughout the 19th and 20th century, reforms were m ade, but the lack of equality still remained unresolved. Today the conquest for racial equality and reform still remains a prevalent

Personal Narrative My Life Purpose Essay - 1053 Words

My Life Purpose As far as I know, a few people in this world are born to do great things. I am here trying to find myself. I m here at college to figure it out, whether I want to go into environmental science, chemistry, criminal justice, or something completely different. I m eager to try out new things and meet new people, and hopefully find something that I am exceptional at. Music is my life purpose. Music is a huge part of my life. I love to sing. I started choir when i was in 6th grade. Having to write this paper is making me really miss my choir family. We have our ups and downs, but what family doesn’t? My freshmen year of high school, I was in the show choir group called Chambers, it is basically the beginning choir. But my goal was to make it into Crescendoz (which is the advance choir). My sophomore year I got into Prelude (which is the intermediate choir). My junior year of high school, I audition for Crescendoz and I made it in. I was so ecstatic. I was singing the altos part (it’s the best part, if I do say so myself). An alto is the lowest female singing range. Crescendoz only had four female altos, so that means that we had to sing loud and to make sure we were being heard. Senior year we had a few more altos join the class. â€Å"We can’t fix your mistakes, if you do not sing out† my choir teacher said. Saying goodbye was the hardest. On the day of commencement, we were singing our last song and I started bawling on stage. Knowing that was the last time IShow MoreRelatedEquiano s From The Interesting Narrative Of Olaudah Equiano980 Words   |  4 PagesOlaudah Equiano’s â€Å"From the Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano† is written with the intent of ending the slave trade and aiding the abolitionists’ movement. His narrative tells his personal story of kidnapping, being sold into slavery and his experience in the middle passage. According to this account Olaudah Equiano grew up in Africa with a large family. He was captured and sold into slavery at age eleven. As an adult he became an opposing voice to slavery. This autobiography was publishedRead MoreTrue North Is Leaders Essence Of Who You Are Our Deepest Beliefs, Values, And The Principles1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthat drives a leader through life. True North is leader’s adjusting point that helps him/her stay on track. It i s unique for each individual based on individual’s life stories and crucibles. True North is based on what is most important for a leader, for instance, leader’s most treasured values, passions and motivations, and other sources of satisfaction in life. True North is about leader’s journey towards integrity and authenticity. It pulls a leader toward the purpose of his/her leadership. WhenRead MoreObesity : A Huge Problem1138 Words   |  5 Pagesand Contrast Essay Obesity has become a huge problem in the United States, and has affected almost everyone’s lives in some way. Obesity is not something people should take lightly, but many do. Obesity is very dangerous and can shorten a person’s life by years. Both David Zinczenko and Radley Balko agree that obesity is dangerous and has emerged as a huge problem. However, the two differ on why this problem has occurred and how it may be solved. Zinczenko believes that fast food restauraunts areRead MoreThe Hazards Of Nurse Staffing1207 Words   |  5 Pagesqualitative research study could prove to be the catalyst needed to drive change. The Research Study This paper will construct a qualitative research study that focuses on the hazards of nurse staffing shortfalls in emergency rooms. The problem, purpose, research questions, and possible research design will be developed. An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the qualitative approach to answering the research questions will conclude the paper. Problem Recent increases in reports of poorRead MoreNarrative Is The Root Of Some Fields1510 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative is the root of some fields which includes education, rhetoric, literature, religion, law, history: culture (Wilson, 1989). It can be seen as a tool to create traditions and symbols as means of communication and it is a source to understand and strengthen the identity of the organisation (Kroeze and Keulen, 2013). As a conceptual theme, narrative becomes a self-conscious system and a reflexive field. In other words, the role of narrative in personal lives is to show how it can be utilizedRead MoreBiological Narrative1617 Words   |  7 PagesPERSONAL POTRAIT: A BIOLOGICAL NARRATIVE 2 John C. Carter Capella University Dr. Janice J. Caron August 29, 2010 Abstract Eric Erickson is best known for his studies with psychosocial development, or the development of a person within a social context. Eric Erickson’s theories focused primarily on the correlation of the release of sexual tension and psychosexual development. The purpose of this paper is for the author to develop a personal portrait integrating Erickson’s developmentalRead MoreA Comparison Of Writings By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass1718 Words   |  7 PagesJacobs and Frederick Douglass In this paper I will compare the writings of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. I will touch on their genre, purpose, content, and style. Both authors were born into slavery. Both escaped to freedom and fought to bring an end to slavery, each in their own way. Both Jacobs and Douglass have a different purpose for their writings. Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass were both slaves that wrote about their struggles and pain during their years of slaveryRead MoreWriters Have Tools For Their Craft1547 Words   |  7 PagesWriters have tools for their craft. In this writer’s opinion, all the tools of the trade serve their purpose and are needed, however, there a few that are critical to any writing endeavor; identifying the target audience, theme, language, and narrative structure. Each of these features are woven into the narrative with a specific purpose and are expected to work collectively to produce a story that not only expresses the tale but also makes a connection. This essay will strive to stress the importanceRead MoreGender Specific Slavery During The Period Of The Civil War1198 Words   |  5 Pages19th century. Being treated more as personal property as opposed to an actual human being, some slaves managed to rebel and write down their account of white slave owners’ dehumanizati on of black slaves. In social reformer and writer Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave he writes of rebelling against his physically abusive owners and triumphantly gaining freedom. 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Contemporary Public Health Issues Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Public Health Issues. Answer: Introduction The mortality rate is the frequency of death occurrences in a given place at a particular point in time. Mortality rates keep ranging depending on various factors such as the social, economic and environmental factors. Infant mortality is the most common and it cuts across different ethnic groups.in relation to that, this essay elaborates how social and environmental determinants of health leads to the dynamic interplay in mortality rates in Australia. The social determinants are the people's lifestyle that may lead to various mortality rates depending on how severe they are. The environmental factors are the biotic or abiotic factors that may affect the lives of individuals living in that particular area leading to either increase or decrease in mortality rates (Naujokas, et. al. 2013, p. 55). The social determinants of health on the ranging mortality rates include race or ethnicity, infectious diseases, biological factors, income, globalization, social injustice, behavioral factors and psychosocial factors. On the other hand, the environmental factors include the environmental health factors like the exposure of the occupants to toxic substances, cigarette consumption, air pollution and water pollution. These factors, therefore, influence the mortality rates either positively or negatively.it is therefore imperative to study how they influence mortality rates so that necessary actions can be taken to reduce the high rates of mortality (Bauer, Briss, Goodman, and Bowman, 2014, p. 48). Environmental determinants of health on the ranging patterns of mortality Exposure of occupants to toxic substances When the occupants of Australia are exposed to toxic substances that are obviously not good for their health they will contact various diseases that may damage their respiratory systems. Continuous exposure may lead to severe damages leading to chronic diseases such as lung cancer which is very costly to cure and at times may be very tricky to cure in its last stages which are so severe hence leading to increased mortality rates.in that relation the environment should be kept clean the government should ensure certain bodies or organizations exist to ensure environmental conservation. Consumption of addictive drugs such as cigarette The cigarette is a very addictive drug and most people tend to abuse it by consuming too much and yet it is not good to human health. Research shows that too much of its consumption leads to implications such as lung diseases and damages the air sacs in the breathing system hence may cause difficulty in breathing with time (Vineis, and Wild, 2014, p. 559). Its effect is not only to the user but also to the people around the user which is even more severe. This, therefore, shows that too much consumption of it leads to high mortality rates and so the government should employ effective ways of reducing its consumption such as increasing its price by increasing its tax. Air and water pollution Air and water pollution leads to infectious diseases related to respiratory diseases, food hygiene, drinking water and general sanitation. These diseases will definitely lead to increased mortality rates. The public health practitioners should be well acquainted with such health risks and so ensures appropriate measures to control such so as to ensure reduced mortality rates. Air pollutants such as dust, fumes, and smoke can be controlled. The manufacturing industries that emit the toxic fumes should ensure treatment of such gases before releasing them to the air or their waste products before emitting them to rivers so that they do not have adverse effects on the people leaving around such areas (Triassi, Alfano, Illario, Nardone, Caporale, and Montuori, 2015, p. 1210). Social determinants of health on the ranging patterns of mortality Globalization Globalization has emerged profusely in the current days.it has led to both positive and negative effects in different countries. It is very evident that it has helped in the development of various countries Australia included through activities such as trade, tourism, and exchange of information (Knox, Marston, and Imort, 2016, p. 14). Nevertheless, it has led to other negative impacts such as increased health risks such as the spread of communicable diseases and sneaking of illegal drugs into the country such as cocaine. Globalization thus leads to increased mortality rates. Infectious diseases Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS have led to an increased rate of mortality rates. The public health sector has ensured necessary precautions and cure so as to reduce the mortality rate. Even though the infectious diseases emerge and re-emerge from time to time various actions have been taken by various countries to reduce their spread for example screening of yellow fever and other infectious diseases at various borders before gaining access to the country (Torre, et. al. 2015, p. 96). The government of Australia in conjunction with the public health practitioners should work together to enhance and facilitate such action so as to reduce mortality rates in Australia. Income level Latest research portrays that high levels of income lead to high mortality rates whereas the previous research shows that high-income levels led to low mortality rates. High income level leads to high mortality rates in the current world since with a lot of income people engage in various luxurious activities that are not health friendly since that is what they take for being classy such as drinking expensive alcoholic drinks and abusing hard drugs (Chetty, et. al. 2016, p. 1777). On the other hand, previously high-income levels led to low mortality rates since people many can afford healthy lifestyle and even medical bills in case of illness hence the reduced mortality rates. Biological factors The biological factors include the sex differences, cardiovascular risk, and indicators of inflammation.it is scientifically proven that women live longer than men and that is why a man and a woman who both contact HIV/AIDS at the same time, the woman will live longer than the man which is mostly facilitated by the menstruation cycle of a woman. Happiness is also one of the biological factors that affect the mortality rate since it leads to a long lifespan (Shi, and Hu, 2014, p. 37). Education Education plays a major role in enlightening people about the emerging issues in the world. For that reason those who are educated and rich are less likely to suffer from diseases, be physically impaired and to they have low mortality rate (Aiken, et.al. 2014, p. 1826). On the other hand, those who are poor and lack education are likely to have high mortality rate since they are not so enlightened about what is going on, for example, the breakout of certain diseases and the appropriate precautions hence they end up contacting those diseases and die so fast due to lack of funds and awareness. Social injustice The mortality rate is influenced by the paces that people are born, live, grow, work and age hence the variation. Research shows that social injustice has led to the short-lived lives of individuals as opposed to the good health that they are supposed to enjoy according to biology. Health systems should work towards embracing equity since social injustice is leading to high mortality rates (Levy, and Sidel, 2013, p. 22). Unfair and unjust practices cause ill health and so the Australian government should work towards ensuring social justice in the country so as to reduce the mortality rate in the country. This must also be assisted by the people through their cooperation. Different parts of the country will experience different mortality rates depending on social injustice practices. Conclusion Mortality rates vary day to day depending on various factors that influence it either positively or negatively. These variations can, therefore, be tackled in different ways. This essay has elaborated how the social and environmental factors have affected mortality rates in Australia. Other factors such as economic and psychological factors also affect mortality rates. It is, therefore, significant to evaluate and establish various policies in the health sector that can help in the reduction of mortality rates and in keeping up with its fluctuating nature. The health practitioners together with the government can after evaluation of these factors influencing mortality rates to come up with solutions to curb them. A number of non-governmental organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) has helped in conducting various researchers and in the implementation of some of the policies so as to reduce the mortality rates in the country(World Health Organization and World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse Unit, 2014, p. 13). They should also ensure various measures of indicators to be applied in the health sector such life expectancy whereby the government collects information about peoples age at the time of death so as to know the mortality rate and what majorly causes it at a given age that may be so recurring. This will also help it to acknowledge the life expectancy of people in Australia hence can be used to determine the health of people in Australia. Other indicators to be applied in the health sector are mortality indicators, global health, morbidity indicators, disability indicators, social and mental health indicators and nutritional indicators (World Health Organization, 2016. World Health Statistics:. 2016, p. 11). These indicators are very imperative and help the country in analyzing and reducing its mortality rate. Social and environmental factors that influence mortality rates are factors that can be controlled since most of them are just caused by the human being and so appropriate measu res should be taken to reduce them. Bibliography Aiken, L.H., Sloane, D.M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Griffiths, P., Busse, R., Diomidous, M., Kinnunen, J., Kzka, M., Lesaffre, E. and McHugh, M.D.. 2014, 'Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study', vol 383, no. 9931, pp. 1824-1830. Bauer, U.E., Briss, P.A., Goodman, R.A. and Bowman, B.A. 2014, 'Prevention of chronic disease in the 21st century: elimination of the leading preventable causes of premature death and disability in the USA', vol 38, no. 9937, pp. 45-52. Chetty, R., Stepner, M., Abraham, S., Lin, S., Scuderi, B., Turner, N., Bergeron, A. and Cutler, D., 2016, 'The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014. Jama.', vol 315, no. 16, pp. 1750-1766. Knox, P.L., Marston, S.A. and Imort, M.,. 2016, Human geography: Places and regions in global context., Pearson. Levy, B.S. and Sidel, V.W. eds.. 2013, Social injustice and public health., Oxford University Press. Naujokas, M.F., Anderson, B., Ahsan, H., Aposhian, H.V., Graziano, J.H., Thompson, C. and Suk, W.A., 2013, 'The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure: update on a worldwide public health problem.,', Environmental health perspectives, p. 121. Shi, Y. and Hu, F.B., 2014, 'The global implications of diabetes and cancer. ', vol 383, no. 9933, p. 1947. Torre, L.A., Bray, F., Siegel, R.L., Ferlay, J., Lortet?Tieulent, J. and Jemal, A.. 2015, 'Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA:,', a cancer journal for clinicians, vol 65, no. 2, pp. 87-108. Triassi, M., Alfano, R., Illario, M., Nardone, A., Caporale, O. and Montuori, P.,. 2015, ' Environmental pollution from illegal waste disposal and health effects: A review on the Triangle of Death.', International journal of environmental research and public health, vol 12, no. 2, pp. 1216-1236. Vineis, P. and Wild, C.P.,. 2014, 'Global cancer patterns: causes and prevention.', vol 383, no. 916, pp. 549-557. World Health Organization and World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse Unit, 2014, Global status report on alcohol and health, , World Health Organization. World Health Organization, 2016. World Health Statistics :. 2016, Monitoring Health for the SDGs Sustainable Development Goals, World Health Organization.

Leading with Soul Response

The foremost characteristic of post-industrial living is the fact that; whereas, the exponential progress in the fields of informational technology and genetics had left very little room for monotheistic religion in the minds of most Westerners – due to being affected by intellectual and very often biological degradation, many of these people nevertheless continue to assess life’s emanations through the lenses of irrational religiosity.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leading with Soul Response specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it was pointed out by Carrette and King (2004): â€Å"There is widespread disillusionment within contemporary Western societies and a growing sense of disempowerment with regard to the operations of the major institutions that govern our lives† (p. 11). This is exactly what explains the phenomenon of a so-called ‘New Age’ movement, the propone nts of which are known for their tendency to indulge in sophistically sounding but essentially meaningless rhetoric about the importance of soul-nurturing, spirituality-enhancing and tree-hugging, in time free from organic-coffee-drinking. The 2001 book Leading with soul: An uncommon journey of spirit by Bolman and Deal represents a classical example of ‘new-ageist’ thinking at its worst. In it, authors aimed at promoting a nonsensical idea that the effective leader can only be the ‘loving’ one.  According to them, the functioning of modern governmental, commercial and educational organizations cannot be considered truly effective, because: â€Å"Love is largely absent in the modern corporation. Most managers would never use the word†¦ They shy away from love’s deeper meanings, fearing both its power and its risks† (p. 109). Nevertheless, having dedicated my life to educating others, I am being perfectly aware of a simple fact that chil dren’s exposure to unwavering ‘love’, on the part of teachers or parents, often proves utterly counter-productive. One does not have to be overly smart to realize why – teachers overfilled with love towards the subject of an educational process, will be naturally predisposed towards treating him or her with leniency. This is exactly why, contrary to rationale-based expectations, immigrant-parents rarely help their children to become bilingual, in full sense of this word. The reason for this is simple – as it was pointed out by Brown and Hanlon (1970), while indulging in social interactions with their young ones, such parents tend to pay foremost attention to what they children say, as opposed to be concerned with how they say it. As the result, such children’s linguistic ability to utilize proper grammatical and stylistic forms suffers a great deal of harm – all thanks to their parents’ ‘love’.Advertising Looki ng for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, I could not disagree more with Bolman and Deal when they suggest that truly effective leaders (educators) must be ‘spiritually-aware’ type of individuals: â€Å"A return to spirituality will lead us to seek wisdom. In matters of spirit, wisdom and experience count far more than technique or strategy† (p. 175). The sheer fallaciousness of such a suggestion appears especially self-evident for just about any teacher who understands that the concepts of ‘spirituality’ and ‘education’ are utterly incompatible. After all, the much-cherished ‘spirituality’ is best defined as nothing but simply one’s tendency to personify nature, which in turn, serves as the foremost indication of his or her intellectual primitiveness. Why is it that the bears that injure their underbellies against stinking out tree -branch, while crawling over the log, often end up hitting that branch with their both paws, as it was alive? Because, just as it being the case with today’s new-agers, such as Bolman and Deal, bears think that the nature is indeed ‘alive’. This is the reason why the extent of people’s intellectual primitiveness correlates with their tendency to ‘blend’ with the nature and to endow nature with ‘spiritual aliveness’ in geometrical progression – the more intellectually primitive a particular individual happened to be, the more he or she will be likely to profess the values of ‘spirituality’. And, as we are being well aware of, the very reason why we have schools, colleges and universities, in the first place, is to provide children and adolescents with an opportunity to educate themselves, so that they would be more capable to effectively oppose nature/social environment, as the foremost precondition of attaining social prominence. It is important to understand that the very concept of Western civilized living came to being as the result of our ancestors having grown less depended on nature. This is the reason why it is namely ‘spiritually rich’ but flea-ridden people from the Third World countries who strive to immigrate to ‘spiritually impoverished’ Western countries, and not the vice versa. Unlike many of Western particularly ‘progressive’ new-agers, they know perfectly well that it is namely rationale-based technology and not savage ‘spirituality’, out of which high standards of living and consequentially such notions as tolerance, open-mindedness and love derive, in the first place.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leading with Soul Response specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another idea, which is being promoted by Bolman and Deal and that is being utterl y inconsistent with the very concept of Western education, is that leaders (teachers) must strive to ensure that the process of people’s managing, on their part, appears deeply ritualistic: â€Å"When ritual and ceremony are authentic and attuned, they fire the imagination, evoke insight, and touch the heart. Ceremony weaves past, present, and future into life’s ongoing tapestry. Ritual helps us to face and comprehend life’s everyday shocks, triumphs, and mysteries† (p. 117). Yet, had both authors bothered to educate themselves on the basics of biology, sociology and psychology, they would know that one’s ritualistic-mindedness is nothing but the behavioral proof of his or her evolutionary atavism (underdevelopment). After having successfully dealt with a particular life’s challenge, savages naively expect that their ritualized experiences, in this respect, will continue to help them addressing qualitatively different challenges in the futur e. For example, after having been given some gifts by American soldiers, quartered in New Haiti during the course of Pacific War, and after having been exposed to the sight of these soldiers indulging in marching exercises and constructing landing strips for planes, country’s natives had established a new highly ritualistic ‘cargo religion’. Even up to this date, they march back and forth with bamboo sticks on their shoulders (meant to symbolize rifles), built ‘cargo planes’ out of tree-branches and naively expect that their unwavering adherence to the empty ‘cargo’ ritual will yield some practical benefits. The intellectual arrogance and inflexibility is the actual root of a ritual – an empty form without any affiliated content, whatsoever. Therefore, it is only individuals not overly burdened with intellect, such as Bolman and Deal, who may seriously think that ritual is the pathway towards attaining a higher state of consciousn ess. On the contrary – ritual is the pathway back into primeval savagery, where there can be no consciousness by definition, but only animalistic instincts. And, as I have pointed out earlier, the notion of savagery and the concept of education simply do not interrelate. For those who believe in otherwise, it would not hurt to pay a little visit to the psychiatrist.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Bolman, L. Deal, T. (2001). Leading with soul: An uncommon journey of spirit.  San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Brown, R. Hanlon, C. (1970). â€Å"Derivational complexity and order of acquisition  in child speech†, In JR Hayes, ed. Cognition and the development of  language. New York: Wiley. Carrette, J. King, R. (2004). Selling spirituality: The silent takeover of religion.  New York: Routledge, 2004. This critical writing on Leading with Soul Response was written and submitted by user Korath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Effects of the Mongol Empire on Europe

Effects of the Mongol Empire on Europe In 1211, Genghis Khan (1167-1227) and his nomadic armies burst out from Mongolia and swiftly conquered most of Eurasia. The Great Khan died in 1227, but his sons and grandsons continued the expansion of the Mongol Empire across Central Asia, China, the Middle East, and into Europe.   Key Takeaways: Genghis Khan's Impact on Europe The spread of the bubonic plague from Central Asia into Europe decimated the populations but increased opportunities for the survivors.  Ã‚  An enormous variety of new consumer goods, agriculture, weaponry, religion, and medical science became available in Europe.  New diplomatic channels between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East were opened.  Russia became unified for the first time.   Starting in 1236, Genghis Khans third son, Ogodei, decided to conquer as much of Europe as he could. By 1240, the Mongols had control of what is now Russia and Ukraine, seizing Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary over the next few years. The Mongols also tried to capture Poland and Germany, but Ogodeis death in 1241 and the succession struggle that followed distracted them from this mission. In the end, the Mongols Golden Horde ruled over a vast swath of eastern Europe, and rumors of their approach terrified western Europe, but they went no farther west than Hungary. At their height, the rulers of the Mongol Empire conquered, occupied, and controlled more than twice the amount of land and twice the population as any other family in human history.   Shepherd, William. Historical Atlas. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1911/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain The Mongol Invasion of Europe Reports of the Mongol attacks terrified Europe. The Mongols increased their empire using swift and decisive attacks with an armed and disciplined cavalry. They wiped out the populations of some entire towns that resisted, as was their usual policy, depopulating some regions and confiscating the crops and livestock from others. This type of total warfare spread panic even among Europeans not directly affected by the Mongol onslaught and sent refugees fleeing westward. Perhaps even more importantly, the Mongol conquest of central Asia and eastern Europe allowed a deadly disease - the bubonic plague - to travel from its home range in western China and Mongolia to Europe along newly-restored trade routes. The bubonic plague was endemic to fleas that live on marmots in the steppes of eastern central Asia, and the Mongol hordes inadvertently brought those fleas across the continent, unleashing the plague on Europe. Between 1300 and 1400, the Black Death killed about 35 percent of Chinas people, its population dropping from 115 million to 75 million. In Europe, an estimated 25 percent of the people died, decreased the population from an estimated 79 million to 60 million.   Positive Effects of the Mongols Although the Mongol invasion of Europe sparked terror and disease, in the long run, it had enormous positive impacts.  The foremost was what historians call the Pax Mongolica, a century of peace (circa 1280-1360) among neighboring peoples who were all under Mongol rule. This peace allowed for the reopening of the Silk Road trading routes between China and Europe, increasing cultural exchange and wealth all along the trade paths. Central Asia was a region that had always been important to overland trade between China and the West. As the region became stable under the Pax Mongolica, trade became less risky under the various empires, and as cross-cultural interactions became more and more intensive and extensive, more and more goods were traded.   Spread of Technology Within the Pax Mongolica, the sharing of knowledge, information, and cultural identity was encouraged. Citizens could legally become followers of Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, or anything else - as long as their practice didnt interfere with the political ambitions of the Khan. The Pax Mongolica also allowed monks, missionaries, traders, and explorers to travel along the trade routes. One famous example is the Venetian trader and explorer Marco Polo, who traveled to the court of Genghis Khans grandson Kublai Khan (Quibilai) at Xanadu in China.   Some of the most fundamental ideas and technologies in the world - papermaking, printing, and gunpowder manufacturing, among many others - made their way across Asia via the Silk Road. Migrants, merchants, explorers, pilgrims, refugees, and soldiers brought along with them their disparate religious and cultural ideas and domesticated animals, plants, flowers, vegetables, and fruit as they joined this gigantic cross-continental exchange. As historian Ma Debin describes it, the Silk Road was the original melting pot, the lifeline of the Eurasian continent. Effects of the Mongol Conquest Before the Mongol Empire, Europeans and Chinese were largely unaware of the others existence. Trade established along the Silk Road in the first centuries B.C.E. had become rare, dangerous, and unpredictable. Long-distance trade, human migration, and imperial expansion actively engaged people in different societies in significant cross-cultural interactions. Afterward, interactions between the two were not only possible but encouraged.  Ã‚   Diplomatic contacts and religious missions were established over vast distances. Islamic merchants helped gain a footing for their faith at the extreme ends of the Eastern Hemisphere, spreading from southeast Asia and west Africa and across northern India and Anatolia.   Alarmed, western Europeans and the Mongol rulers of China sought a diplomatic alliance with one another against the Muslims in southwest Asia. Europeans sought to convert Mongols to Christianity and establish a Christian community in China. The Mongols saw the spread as a threat. Neither of these initiatives was successful, but the opening of political channels made a substantive difference.   Transfer of Scientific Knowledge The entire overland route of the Silk Road witnessed a vigorous revival under the Pax Mongolica. Its rulers actively worked to ensure the safety of the trade routes, building effective post stations and rest stops, introducing the use of paper money and eliminating artificial trade barriers. By 1257, Chinese raw silk appeared in the silk-producing area of Italy, and in the 1330s, a single merchant sold thousands of pounds of silk in Genoa.   The Mongolians absorbed scientific knowledge from Persia, India, China, and Arabia. Medicine became one of the many areas of life and culture that flourished under Mongol rule. Keeping an army healthy was vital, so they created hospitals and training centers to encourage the exchange and expansion of medical knowledge. As a result, China employed doctors from India and the Middle East, all of which was communicated to European centers. Kublai Khan founded an institution for the study of Western medicine. The Persian historian Rashid al-Din (1247-1318) published the first known book on Chinese medicine outside China in 1313. Unification of Russia The Golden Hordes occupation of eastern Europe also unified Russia. Prior to the period of Mongol rule, the Russian people were organized into a series of small self-governing city-states, the most notable being Kiev. In order to throw off the Mongol yoke, the Russian-speaking peoples of the region had to unite. In 1480, the Russians - led by the Grand Duchy of Moscow (Muscovy) - managed to defeat and expel the Mongols. Although Russia has since been invaded several times by the likes of Napoleon Bonaparte and the German Nazis, it has never again been conquered. The Beginnings of Modern Fighting Tactics One final contribution that the Mongols made to Europe is difficult to categorize as good or bad. The Mongols introduced two deadly Chinese inventions - guns and gunpowder - to the West. The new weaponry sparked a revolution in European fighting tactics, and the many warring states of Europe all strove over the following centuries to improve their firearms technology. It was a constant, multisided arms race, which heralded the end of knightly combat and the beginning of modern standing armies. In the centuries to come, European states would muster their new and improved guns first for piracy, to seize control over parts of the oceangoing silk and spices trade, and then eventually to impose European colonial rule over much of the world. Ironically, the Russians used their superior firepower in the 19th and 20th centuries to conquer many of the lands that had been part of the Mongol Empire, including outer Mongolia where Genghis Khan was born. Sources   Bentley, Jerry H. Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History. The American Historical Review, Vol. 101, No. 3, Oxford University Press, JSTOR, June 1996. Davis-Kimball, Jeannine. Asia, Central, Steppes. Encyclopedia of Archaeology, Academic Press, ScienceDirect, 2008. Di Cosmo, Nicola. Black Sea Emporia and the Mongol Empire: A Reassessment of the Pax Mongolica. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Volume 53: Issue 1-2, Brill, January 1, 2009. Flynn, Dennis O. (Editor). Pacific Centuries: Pacific and Pacific Rim Economic History since the 16th Century. Routledge Explorations in Economic History, Lionel Frost (Editor), A.J.H. Latham (Editor), 1st Edition, Routledge, February 10, 1999. Ma, Debin. The Great Silk Exchange: How the World Was Connected and Developed. CiteSeer, The College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, 2019. Pederson, Neil. Pluvials, droughts, the Mongol Empire, and modern Mongolia. Amy E. Hessl, Nachin Baatarbileg, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, March 25, 2014. Perdue, Peter C. Boundaries, Maps, and Movement: Chinese, Russian, and Mongolian Empires in Early Modern Central Eurasia. Volume 20, 1998 - Issue 2, The International History Review, Informa UK Limited, December 1, 2010. Safavi-Abbasi, S. The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire. Neurosurg Focus, Brasiliense LB, Workman RK, et al., National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2007, Bethesda MD.